Transforming growth factor  (TGF-) as well as tumor necrosis factor ␣ (TNF-␣) gene expression are up-regulated in chronically inflamed liver. These cytokines were investigated for their influence on apoptosis and proliferation of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Spontaneous apoptosis in ac
Dual Function of Transforming Growth Factor-β in the Control of Proliferation and Apoptosis of Cells of the Nervous System
✍ Scribed by R. S. Stoika; O. O. Fil'chenkov
- Book ID
- 110328541
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Year
- 2001
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 115 KB
- Volume
- 33
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0090-2977
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## Abstract The elimination of inflammatory cells within the central nervous system (CNS) by apoptosis plays an important role in protecting the CNS from immune‐mediated damage. T cells, B cells, macrophages, and microglia all undergo apoptosis in the CNS. The apoptotic elimination of CNS‐reactive