Digital Railway Infrastructure (Digital Innovations in Architecture, Engineering and Construction)

✍ Scribed by Diogo Ribeiro (editor), Pedro Aires Montenegro (editor), Andreas Andersson (editor), Maria D. Martínez-Rodrigo (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 263
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book describes the most recent strategies for the digitalization of railway sector that bring new challenges for the construction, operation, and maintenance of railway infrastructures. These strategies involve the development and application of new technologies and methodologies to enhance the sustainability and resilience of railway infrastructures particularly under extreme climate and operational events. In particular, the digital transformation involves the use of digital twins, augmented and virtual reality, forecast capabilities, risk and life-cycle analysis, cybersecurity, unmanned technologies for monitoring and inspection, computer vision, AI, risk and disaster management, among others. Presently, the literature is lacking a contribution that provides general and foundational knowledge across these and other topics. Therefore, this book provides valuable information for researchers, students, and professionals in railway engineering that want to developtheir knowledge and skills in this field.

✦ Table of Contents

Foreword by Jose M. Goicolea
Foreword by Sakdirat Kaewunruen
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Contributors
Advanced Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Behavior of Railway Infrastructure Under Extreme Conditions
1 Background
2 Overview of Modelling and Simulation of Railway Infrastructures Subject to a Moving Train
2.1 Train-Track-Bridge Interaction
2.2 Train-Track-Subgrade Interaction
2.3 Train-Track-Tunnel Interaction
2.4 Co-simulation Method for Railway Infrastructures and a Moving Train
3 Advances on Numerical Simulation of Railway Infrastructures Under Extreme Conditions
3.1 Crosswind
3.2 Seismic Motion
3.3 Temperature Effect
3.4 Soil Deformation
4 Numerical Simulation of the Interaction Between Railway Trains and Multi-infrastructures in a Unified Way
5 Dynamic Solution for Train-Track-Substructure Interaction Analysis
6 Concluding Remarks
References
New Sensors and Digital Data Processing Algorithms for Monitoring Railway Bridges
1 Introduction
2 The Concept of a Monitoring System Using Inertial Sensors and Smart Bridge Bearings
2.1 The Sensors Used and Their Placement
2.2 Algorithms for Analyzing Recorded Data
3 Examples of Test Implementations of the System
3.1 Truss Bridge
3.2 Arch Bridge
3.3 Plate Girder Bridge
4 Conclusions
References
Applications of Low-Cost and Smart Mobile Devices for Railway Infrastructure Performance Assessment and Characterization
1 Introduction
2 A Short Review on Smart Mobile Devices and Low-Cost IMU Applications for Railway Transport Monitoring
2.1 Contextualization and Change of Paradigm
2.2 On-Board Measurements Using In-Service Trains
2.3 Other Applications for Railway Infrastructure Performance Assessment and Characterization
3 An Application of On-Board Railway Track Monitoring
3.1 Case Study Description and Smartphone Setup On-Board the Train
3.2 Results of Acceleration Measurements and Correlation with the Track Geometry
4 Final Remarks
References
Remote Inspection of Railway Bridges Using UAVs and Computer Vision
1 Introduction
2 Inspection Strategies
2.1 Drone Scanning, Data Collection, and Flight Path
2.2 Equipment
3 Demonstrations
3.1 Kedkejokk Railway Bridge
3.2 Data Acquisition
3.3 3D Model Generation
3.4 Damage Detection
3.5 Crack Localisation
3.6 Crack Segmentation
3.7 Workflow Evaluation
3.8 Crack Measurement
4 Conclusion
References
Railway Bridges Health Monitoring Supported by Artificial Intelligence
1 Introduction
2 Case Study
2.1 The Sado Railway Bridge
2.2 Baseline and Damage Scenarios Simulation
3 AI-Based Methodology for Early Damage Detection
3.1 Overview
3.2 Features Extraction: AR Versus ARX
3.3 Features Modelling: PCA Versus MLR
3.4 Data Fusion: Mahalanobis Distance
3.5 Feature Discrimination: Outlier Versus Cluster Analysis
4 Conclusions
References
Condition Monitoring of Rolling Stock Supported by Artificial Intelligence Technique
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Modelling
2.1 Train-Track Dynamic Interaction
2.2 Description of the Model
3 Wheel Flat Identification Machine Learning-Based Algorithms
4 Automatic Wheel Flat Detection
4.1 Feature Extraction
4.2 Feature Normalization
4.3 Data Fusion
4.4 Damage Detection with Outlier Analysis
5 Severity Classification with Cluster Approach
6 Conclusion
References
Drive-By Methodologies for Smart Condition Monitoring of Railway Infrastructure
1 Introduction
2 Drive-By Railway Track Monitoring
3 Drive-By Railway Bridge Monitoring
4 Emerging Trends in Drive-By SHM
4.1 Fleet Monitoring
4.2 Machine Learning Approaches
5 Smartphone Sensing and Crowdsourcing
6 Conclusions
References
Digital Twins for Condition Assessment of Railway Infrastructures
1 Introduction
2 Digital Transformation in Railway Condition Assessment
3 Digital Twin for Railway Infrastructures
3.1 Bridges
3.2 Tunnels
4 Challenges and Future Perspectives
References
Augmented Asset Management in Railways
1 Introduction
2 Asset Management in Railways
3 Drivers of Augmented Asset Management
4 AI Factory for Railway Asset Management
5 Benefits of Augmented Asset Management in Railways Utilising AI
6 Challenges of Augmented Asset Management in Railways
6.1 Organisational Challenges
6.2 Technological Challenges
7 Augmented Asset Management of Railway and Metaverse
7.1 Metaverse in Industrial Asset Management
7.2 Metaverse and Its Application in Railways
8 A Roadmap for Augmenting Asset Management in Railways by Utilising AI
9 Conclusions
References
Applications of Different Forms of Mixed Reality in the Maintenance of Railway Infrastructures
1 Forms or Mixed Realities
2 Influence on an Organization
2.1 Technology
2.2 Organisation
3 XR and MR as Tooling
4 Implementation
5 Future Potential/Development
6 Concluding Remarks
References
Recent BIM Developments and Applications on Railway Infrastructure
1 Model-Driven Engineering on Infrastructure
1.1 BIM, DTM and CPS
1.2 Cases of BIM Projects on Railway Infrastructure
2 Open Standard for Railway Infrastructure
2.1 Overview of Open Standards in the Railway Sector
2.2 Structure of the IfcRailway Standard
2.3 Examples of IfcRailway Standard Use
2.4 BIM Application for the Design Stage
2.5 BIM Application for Construction Engineering
2.6 BIM Application for Maintenance of Railway Infrastructure
References
Engineering the Future: A Deep Dive into Remote Inspection and Reality Capture for Railway Infrastructure Digitalization
1 Introduction
2 Integrated Methodology for the Remote Inspection and Reality Capture for Railway Infrastructure Digitalization
3 Computer Vision for Damage Identification
3.1 Deep Leaning Concepts
3.2 Applications
4 Reality Capture
4.1 System Vision Concepts
4.2 Applications
5 Mapping Identified Damages to the Digital Model
5.1 Methodologies Concepts
5.2 Applications
6 Conclusion
References