Coding Architecture: Designing Toolkits, Workflows, Industry (Digital Innovations in Architecture, Engineering and Construction)

✍ Scribed by Pierpaolo Ruttico (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 298
• Edition: 1st ed. 2024
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book provides a clear picture of how computational processes are gradually permeating and innovating the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction sector, contributing to sustainability and aesthetic evolution. It achieves that by gathering a collection of accounts shared by pioneering professionals involved in this innovation, drawing from recent academic studies, ongoing experimental processes conducted in cutting-edge architectural and engineering offices, as well as innovative industrial applications. The covered subjects span a wide range, including artificial intelligence and robotic manufacturing, the metaverse and 3D printing, strategies to counter CO2 consumption through plug-ins, as well as emerging materials and construction techniques. The chapters feature authors who are pioneers and embrace roles like software developers, architects, process engineers, academics, and forward-thinking entrepreneurs. They represent authoritative references within a broader interconnected cultural and technological system; an eclectic system that finds in computational processes the key to addressing the new challenges of contemporary architecture.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Part I Effective Toolkits
1 Ambrosinus-Toolkit Plugin: Artificial Intelligence Text-to-Image Generative Models Through Grasshopper
1 Introduction
2 From AI Key Concepts to the Large-Scale Text-to-Image Generative Models (LTGMs)
2.1 OpenAI GPT-3 (ChatGPT)
2.2 Diffusion Models: DALL-E and Stable Diffusion
3 The Development of a Toolkit to Perform LTGMs and DPT-to-3D Technologies Inside Grasshopper
3.1 AI “Prompt-to-Image” Core Components
3.2 Image Core Components
3.3 Dense Prediction Transformers (DPT): Depth Map Estimation Inside Grasshopper
4 Toolkit in Action: Use Cases that Could Become Common in LTGMs-Driven Architectural Design
4.1 Generative Models AI-Powered as a Potential Rendering Engine
4.2 What You See Is What You Text (WYSIWYT): From Monocular Depth Map Estimation to 3D Representation
5 Conclusions
References
2 EOC ECO2 Plugin: Automated Embodied Carbon Calculations Within Autodesk Revit
1 Introduction
2 Targets
3 Identifying the Need for the Software.
4 The Plug-In
5 Review of Benchmarked Scores
6 QA Process
7 Parallel Studies Relating to Embodied Carbon
8 Conclusions and Next Steps
9 Biographical Notes
Reference
3 Interoperability Challenges. Exploring Trends, Patterns, Practices and Possible Futures for Enhanced Collaboration and Efficiency in the AEC Industry
1 Introduction
1.1 AEC: A Fragmented Industry with Many Software Solutions
1.2 Fragmentation, Domains and Terminology
1.3 Producing, Storing and Exchanging Information
1.4 Software Solutions to Design Challenges
1.5 Parametric Modelling and Visual Scripting: Focus on the Right Problem
1.6 Extensions and Plug-Ins to Solve Domain-Specific Problems
1.7 Information and Knowledge Modelling
1.8 Industry Foundation Classes
1.9 Semantic Web Standards, Linked Data and Ontologies
2 Community Sourced Co-Design and Interoperability: BHoM and Speckle
2.1 Speckle: Data Interoperability and Sharing
2.2 Speckle Schemas
2.3 Managing and Querying Data
2.4 Speckle Connectors
2.5 Speckle Web App
2.6 Code Management
3 BHoM: Multidisciplinary Co-Design and Software Development
3.1 BHoM Philosophy and Code Organisation
3.2 BHoM Schema: The Object Model
3.3 BHoM Functionality: The Engines
3.4 Connectivity: The Adapters
3.5 User Interfaces
4 What’s in the Future of AEC?
4.1 Knowledge Management and Inference Reasoning in AEC
4.2 Configurators in AEC: The Need for a Common Framework
References
4 HAL Robotics: From Automated Architectural Design for Fabrication, to Architecting Automated Manufacturing Systems
1 (2010–2014) HAL: Robot Programming, Simulation and Control for Grasshopper
2 The Challenges of Modelling and Manufacturing Curvature
3 (2011–2012) HAL V0.00x, Habitat Prospecteur
4 (2011–2014) HAL for Grasshopper: A Robotics Training and Experimentation Toolkit for Architects, Designers and Engineers
5 (2014–2022) the HAL Robotics Framework: Development of a Vendor-Agnostic, Portable Middleware for Adaptive Industrial Robotics Applications
6 CAD-Based Programming Workflow and Derivatives
7 (2017) Building Freeform: Integrated Design and Prefabrication of a Timber Shell-Nexorade Hybrid
8 (2018–2021) Autonomous Drilling and Fastening Robot Programmed from BIM Model
9 (2022) Automated Programming of Large, Complex Assembly Inspection
10 (2022) Distributed Sensing and Robot Job Generation
11 (2022) Cloud-Based Robot Job Validator and Orchestrator
12 (2023+) a Holistic Approach to (Software) Architecture
References
5 Resilience and the Metaverse: A Toolkit Approach
1 Introduction
1.1 Man and City: Complex Systems
1.2 Resilience as an Intrinsic Trait of Complex Natural Systems
2 Cities as an Environmental Challenge
2.1 The Impact of Cities on the Environment and Ecosystems
2.2 Towards Systemic Evolution: The Ethics of the Suitable.
3 Understanding the City
3.1 The Importance of Models
3.2 The Role of Computer Science
4 The Function of the Model in the Web-3 Era
4.1 Towards a Data Economy—Internet of Value
4.2 The Metaverse and the Importance of Communities
5 Innovative Post-Disaster Reconstruction: Architectural Theory Meets the Metaverse, AI, and Blockchain
5.1 From Theoretical Concepts to Practical Applications
5.2 Theoretical Background: Intersecting Lebbeus Woods’ Concepts with Artificial Intelligence in Contemporary Architecture
5.3 Hetherarchy and Cyclicity: Relationships with AI
5.4 Bridging AI and Architecture: A Critical Perspective
6 Methodology: A Metaverse-Based Model for Post-Disaster Reconstruction
6.1 Conceptual Framework
6.2 Data Acquisition from the Real World: Role of Machines, Robots, and IoT.
6.3 Constructing Virtual Worlds (Metaverses): Algorithms and Models.
6.4 Human Interaction and Logic Embedding in the Virtual World.
6.5 Emergence of a New Level of Intelligence: Theoretical and Practical Implications.
6.6 Case Study: Potential Application of the Model to a Disaster Scenario
6.7 Reality Capture and Virtual Model Creation: The Role of Drones
6.8 Simulating an Earthquake Scenario: Method and Results
6.9 Player Interaction and Town Reconstruction: A Participatory Approach.
6.10 Continuous Improvement Through Repeated Cycles: A Cyclical Model of Learning.
6.11 AI Learning from User Logics: Method and Implications.
6.12 Real World Disaster Response and Reconstruction: A Practical Application.
6.13 Discussion: Critical Points of the Model
6.14 The Threat of Hacking: Security Concerns
6.15 Malicious Data Injection: Risks and Mitigation
6.16 Technological Challenges in Real-Time Processing
6.17 Ethical AI Issues
6.18 Exclusion of Some People: Issues of Accessibility and Participation
7 Conclusion
8 Biographical Notes
References
Part II Virtuous Workflows
6 Towards a Rhizomatic Design Model
1 Introduction
2 Beyond Linearity
3 Digital Tools
3.1 Computational Design Tools
3.2 Building Information Modeling
3.3 Digital Twin and Adaptivity
3.4 Future Development
4 A Novel Approach to Sustainability
4.1 Building Lightweight
4.2 Human-Centric Design
5 Design is Fabrication
6 Conclusions
References
7 Enhancing Sustainability: Concept Design Optimization Workflow for Human-Centered Low Carbon Solutions
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Visual and Thermal Comfort in Hot Climates
2.2 Measuring Visual Comfort and Overheating Risk
3 Methodology
3.1 Geometry Definition
3.2 Simulation
3.3 Data Post-Processing
4 Application and Analysis
4.1 Test Geometry
4.2 Input Variables
4.3 Results
5 Limitations of the Study and Future Outlooks
6 Conclusions
References
8 Testing Digital Workflows on Building Renovations: The Case Study of F10 New Law Building for the University of Sydney
1 Introduction—Digitalization of the AEC Industry
2 Scope of Work
3 Approach
3.1 User Perception Analysis—Online Questionnaire
3.2 Desktop Performance Studies—Shoebox Analysis
3.3 Virtual Reality Application
3.4 Early-Stage Prototyping Through 3D Printing
4 Conclusions and Future Outlooks
References
9 Computational artwork to transform places
1 Introduction
2 Projects
2.1 Rozelle Interchange
2.2 Interchange Pavilion
2.3 Re/place Pavilion
References
10 Timber Structures Through Advanced Design Tools. The Reciprocalshell Project
1 State of the Art
2 Concept
3 Fabrication
4 Assembly
5 Conclusion
References
Part III Innovative Construction Industry
11 Enhancing Efficiency in Industrial Digital Design and Fabrication of Complex Prefabricated Elements
1 Digitalization in the Construction Sector
1.1 Tools Drive Innovation
1.2 Design for Manufacturing and Assembly in the AEC Sector
2 From Design Idea to Construction Through Information Model
2.1 Formwork
2.2 Steel Reinforcement
3 Conclusion
References
12 Transforming the Construction Industry Through Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
1 Introduction
1.1 Background to the Technology
1.2 WAAM in Industry
1.3 WAAM in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC)
2 Methodology
2.1 Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Setup
3 Presentation of Case Studies
3.1 Mass Customization: Spider Glass Connectors
3.2 Lightweight Structures: 3D Printed Lattice Structures
3.3 Function Integration: Reinforcing and Detailing Thin Sheet Metal
3.4 Scaled Structure, Parametric Robotic Programming, Adaptive Process Control: Column Structures
3.5 Post Processing and Data Collection: Welding and Milling of Steel Nodes (WEMI)
3.6 Large Scale and Automated: Parametric Robotic Programming of a Steel Printed Bridge
4 Comparison and Discussion of Case Studies
References
13 Custom-Made Printheads Empowering 3d Printed Concrete: Innovations in Digital Design and Fabrication of Complex Prefabricated Elements
1 Introduction
1.1 First Steps in 3d Concrete Printing
1.2 Computational Design, Robotic Fabrication Industry
1.3 Long Term Vision
2 Content
2.1 Augmented Potential of Computational Design
2.2 Robotic Printing Techniques
2.3 The Robot System
2.4 Industry
2.5 Challenges
2.6 Concerns on Sustainability
3 Conclusion
3.1 Future Outlook: From Initial Vision to Developments in 3DCP
References
14 Architects as Innovators: Harnessing the Power of Digital Design and Construction
1 Opportunity for the Architect
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Creation of Data
1.3 The Digital Caretaker
2 Main Concert Hall of Theatre Zuidplein
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Digital Workflow
2.3 Optimised Sound
3 Poortmeesters|New Delfts Blue
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Design Vocabulary
3.3 New Delft Blue
4 Ceramic House
4.1 Innovating Algorithmic Design
4.2 Pioneering 3D-Printed Ceramic Tiles
5 Future is Now
5.1 New Added Values of the Architect
Reference
15 Superframe: A Novel Construction System that Combines Planar Panels with 3D-Printed Frames Made from Recycled Thermoplastic Materials
1 Introduction. The Quest of a Good Discretization
2 Form Generation Methods and Fabrication Challenges
2.1 Superframe v1
2.2 Superframe v2
2.3 Superframe v3
3 Results and Further Developments
References