Decision-making in Complex Environments

✍ Scribed by Malcolm Cook, Jan Noyes, Yvonne Masakowski

• Publisher: Ashgate Publishing
• Year: 2007
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 459
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Many complex systems in civil and military operations are highly automated with the intention of supporting human performance in difficult cognitive tasks. The complex systems can involve teams or individuals working on real-time supervisory control, command or information management tasks where a number of constraints must be satisfied. ''Decision Making in Complex Environments'' addresses the role of the human, the technology and the processes in complex socio-technical and technological systems. The aim of the book is to apply a multi-disciplinary perspective to the examination of the human factors in complex decision making. It contains more than 30 contributions on key subjects such as military human factors, team decision making issues, situation awareness, and technology support. In addition to the major application area of military human factors there are chapters on business, medical, governmental and aeronautical decision making. The book provides a unique blend of expertise from psychology, human factors, industry, commercial environments, the military, computer science, organizational psychology and training that should be valuable to academics and practitioners alike.

✦ Table of Contents

Contents......Page 6
List of Figures......Page 10
List of Tables......Page 14
List of Contributors......Page 16
Foreword......Page 32
Part 1: Characteristics of Complex Decision Making......Page 36
1 Decisions about "What" and Decisions about "How"......Page 38
2 Corruption and Recovery of Sensemaking During Navigation......Page 48
3 Time and Design in Decision Making Environments......Page 68
4 Risk and Decision Making......Page 78
5 Extreme Risk-taking and Decision Making......Page 90
Part 2: Areas of Application......Page 98
6 Human Requirements in Automated Weapons Systems......Page 100
7 Automation and Decision Making......Page 108
8 The Flightdeck of the Future: Field Studies in Datalink and Freeflight......Page 118
9 The Flightdeck of the Future: Perceived Urgency of Speech and Text......Page 128
10 Operator Interface Research Testbed for Supervisory Control of Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)......Page 140
11 Virtual Environments for Military Decision Making......Page 152
12 ROLF 2010: A Swedish Command Post of the Future......Page 164
Part 3: Complex Decision Making in Civil Applications......Page 176
13 Human Information Processing Aspects of Effective Emergency Incident Management Decision Making......Page 178
14 Decision Making by Operational Incident Commanders in a Nuclear Emergency Response Organisation: Decision Strategy Selection......Page 188
15 Presentation of Verbal Material: The Impact of Modality on Situation Awareness and Performance on the Flightdeck......Page 198
16 Air Traffic Controller Strategies in Holding Scenarios......Page 206
17 How Roles Change when Disaster Strikes: Lessons Learnt from the Manufacturing Domain......Page 214
Part 4: Complex Decision Making in Military Applications......Page 224
18 A History Lesson on the Use of Technology to Support Military Decision Making and Command and Control......Page 226
19 The Intuitive vs. Analytic Approach to Real World Problem Solving: Misperception of Dynamics in Military Operations......Page 236
20 Critical Thinking in Tactical Decision Games Training......Page 248
Part 5: Teams and Complex Decision Making......Page 258
21 Why Training Team Decision Making is Not as Easy as You Think: Guiding Principles and Needs......Page 260
22 The Migration of Authority in Tactical Decision Making......Page 268
23 The Analysis of Team Decision Making Architectures......Page 278
24. Surgical Team Self-Review: Enhancing Organisational Learning in the Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust......Page 294
Part 6: Assessment and Measurement......Page 304
25 A Method for Need Analysis before Decision Making Based on Ecological Psychology......Page 306
26 Operational Net Assessment: A Canadian Human Factors Analysis......Page 314
27 Psycho-physiological Measures of Situation Awareness......Page 326
28 Signal Detection Theory and the Assessment of Situation Awareness......Page 334
29 Psycho-physiological Measurements of Mental Activity, Stress Reactions and Situation Awareness in the Maritime Full Mission Simulator......Page 346
30 Measures of Attention and Cognitive Effort in Tactical Decision Making......Page 356
31 Crew Mental Workload for the Vetronics Technology Testbed Vehicle......Page 368
32 Full Spectrum Analysis: Practical Operational Research in the Face of the Human Variable......Page 384
33 Effective Taxonomies in Organisational Safety......Page 396
34 Using Signal Detection Theory to Measure Situation Awareness: The Technique, the Tool (QUASA[sup(TM)], the Test, the Way Forward......Page 408
Part 7: A Final Comment......Page 422
35 Intelligence, Uncertainty, Interpretations and Prediction Failure......Page 424
B......Page 446
C......Page 447
D......Page 448
F......Page 450
I......Page 451
M......Page 452
N......Page 453
P......Page 454
R......Page 455
S......Page 456
T......Page 457
W......Page 458