Czochralski silicon as a detector material for S-LHC tracker volumes

✍ Scribed by Leonard Spiegel; Tobias Barvich; Burt Betchart; Saptaparna Bhattacharya; Sandor Czellar; Regina Demina; Alexander Dierlamm; Martin Frey; Yuri Gotra; Jaakko Härkönen; Frank Hartmann; Ivan Kassamakov; Sergey Korjenevski; Matti J. Kortelainen; Tapio Lampén; Panja Luukka; Teppo Mäenpää; Henri Moilanen; Meenakshi Narain; Maike Neuland; Douglas Orbaker; Hans-Jürgen Simonis; Pia Steck; Eija Tuominen; Esa Tuovinen

• Publisher: Elsevier Science
• Year: 2011
• Tongue: English
• Weight: 339 KB
• Volume: 628
• Category: Article
• ISSN: 0168-9002
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2010.06.327

✦ Synopsis

With an expected 10-fold increase in luminosity in S-LHC, the radiation environment in the tracker volumes will be considerably harsher for silicon-based detectors than the already harsh LHC environment. Since 2006, a group of CMS institutes, using a modified CMS DAQ system, has been exploring the use of Magnetic Czochralski silicon as a detector element for the strip tracker layers in S-LHC experiments. Both p +/n-/n + and n+ /p-/p + sensors have been characterized, irradiated with proton and neutron sources, assembled into modules, and tested in a CERN beamline. There have been three beam studies to date and results from these suggest that both p + /n-/n + and n+ /p-/p + Magnetic Czochralski silicon are sufficiently radiation hard for the R 4 25 cm regions of S-LHC tracker volumes. The group has also explored the use of forward biasing for heavily irradiated detectors, and although this mode requires sensor temperatures less than À 50 1C, the charge collection efficiency appears to be promising.