Crisis Intervention: A Practical Guide

✍ Scribed by Alan A. Cavaiola & Joseph E. Colford

• Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc
• Year: 2017
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 574
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Crisis Intervention takes into account various environments and populations across the lifespan to provide students with practical guidelines for managing crises. Drawing on over 25 years of relevant experience, authors Alan A. Cavaiola and Joseph E. Colford cover several different types of crises frequently encountered by professionals in medical, school, work, and community settings. Models for effectively managing these crises are presented along with the authors’ own step-by-step approach, the Listen–Assess–Plan–Commit (LAPC) model, giving students the freedom to select a model that best fits their personal style or a given crisis. Future mental health professionals will gain the knowledge, skills, and confidence to help their clients manage the crises they will encounter in their day-to-day lives.

✦ Table of Contents

Acknowledgments
About the Authors
1 Understanding Crisis
Defining Crisis
Danger vs. Opportunity
Types of Crises
Developmental Crises
Traumatic Event Crises
Existential Crises
Psychiatric Crises
Crises Reactions: A Continuum of Response
Multicultural Awareness and Crisis Intervention
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Suggested Readings
Suggested Websites
2 Crisis Intervention Models: An Exploration of Historical and Contemporary Models
Crisis Assessment Models
Crisis Intervention Models
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Crisis Intervention
Slaikeu’s Comprehensive Model for Crisis Intervention
Flannery & Everly’s Crisis Intervention Model
Aguilera’s Model of Crisis Intervention
Roberts’s Seven-Stage Crisis Intervention Model
James and Gilliland’s Six-Step Crisis Intervention Model
Greenstone and Leviton’s Crisis Intervention Model
Kanel’s A-B-C Model of Crisis Intervention
Cavaiola and Colford’s L-A-P-C Model of Crisis Intervention
Crisis Intervention Services in the 21st Century
Summary
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Suggested Readings
Recommended YouTube Viewing
3 Essential Crisis Intervention Skills
Responses to Crisis
The Physical Response
The Emotional Response
The Cognitive Response
Characteristics of Effective Crisis Intervention
Empowerment-Focused Crisis Intervention
Flexible Crisis Intervention
Cognitive Factors
Ecological Factors
Characteristics of Effective Crisis Counselors
Tolerance for Ambiguity
A Calm Neutral Demeanor
Tenacity
Optimism
Adventuresomeness
Capacity for Empathy
Flexibility
Confidence
Little Need to Rescue
Capacity For Listening
Awareness of Trauma Indicators
Openness to Individual Crisis Reactions
Capacity for Information Management
Empathy, Genuineness, and Acceptance and Positive Regard
Empathy
Genuineness
Acceptance and Positive Regard
Crisis Intervention Techniques: The L-A-P-C Model
Step 1: Listen
Communicate Safety
Introduce Yourself
Act Immediately and Take Control
Begin Handing Over Some Control to the Victim
Communicate the Message that the Victim is Heard
Putting Empathy, Genuineness, and Acceptance into Practice
Attending
Listening
Clarifying
Reflecting/Mirroring
Summarizing
Using “I” Messages
Managing Silence
Questioning
Step 2: Assess
Step 3: Plan
Communicating the Message that the Client is in Control
Step 4: Commit
4 Child Maltreatment
Discussion Questions
Introduction
Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect
Physical
Psychological
Behavioral
Cognitive
Social
Definitional Issues in Maltreatment
Physical Abuse
Neglect
Sexual Abuse
Emotional Abuse
Prevalence of Child Abuse and Neglect
Types of Maltreatment
Victim Characteristics
Perpetrator Characteristics
Possible Indicators of Child Abuse and Neglect
Case Presentation: Physical Neglect and the Neighbor
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: Physical Abuse and the Third Grader
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: Self-Disclosure of Abuse
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: Self-Blame and Abuse
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
General Guidelines for Reporting Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Recommended Films
Suggested Activities
Student Activity: What Would You Do?
5 Adolescent Crises
Discussion Questions
Introduction
Historical Perspectives in Adolescence
What the Data Say
Alcohol and Drug Use
High-Risk Behaviors
Sexuality Practices
YBRSS
KFF
Adolescent Crises
Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge-Eating Disorder
Case Presentation: Danielle, A Story of Anorexia
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Guidelines for Intervening with Eating Disorders
Adolescent Suicide
Case Presentation: Georgia, A Threatened Suicide
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Guidelines for Dealing with a Suicidal Adolescent
Adolescents and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI): An Overview
Case Presentation: A Case of Self-Injury/Cutting
Intervention
Crisis Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Guidelines for Treating an Adolescent for Self-Injury
An Identity Crisis in Adolescence
Case Presentation: David, A Case of Identity
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Guidelines for Addressing Issues of Identity Development
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Recommended Films
Suggested Activities
6 The School’s Response to Crisis
Discussion Questions
Introduction
Active Shooter Incidents: Results from the FBI and the Secret Service
Implications for Schools
Prevention/Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Case Presentation: A Case Involving a School Shooting
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: Suicide and the School’s Response
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Guidelines for Dealing with a School-Related Suicide
Engaging the School Crisis Team
Contacting the Victim’s Family
Calling Together the School Staff
Informing Students of the News
Identifying At-Risk Students
Reinforcing Prevention and Coping Among All Survivors
Arranging for Appropriate Memorials for the Deceased
Case Presentation: Accidental Death of a Student
Responding to Accidental Death: The School’s Response
The Immediacy of the Event
The Size of the High School
Cultural Differences Among the Deceased and the Survivor Family Members
Loss of Contact Between the School and the Student Body
Memorials
Case Presentation: Middle School and 9/11
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Crisis By Proxy
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Recommended Films
Suggested Activities: What Would You Do?
7 Alcohol and Drug Crises
Discussion Questions
The Scope of Drug and Alcohol Problems
Defining Substance Use Disorders: Diagnostic Concerns
Substance Use Disorders
Substance Intoxication and Substance Withdrawal
Crisis Intervention and Case Management
Case Presentation: A Crisis Involving Substance Intoxication
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: A Crisis Involving Substance Withdrawal
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: A Crisis Resulting from a Substance Use Disorder
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Families in Crisis
General Guidelines for Working with Individuals with Substance Use Disorders
Treatment Options
Summary
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Suggested Readings
Suggested Websites
Recommended Films
Suggested Activities
Recommended YouTube Viewing
Substance Withdrawal
Substance Use Disorders
8 The Crisis of Sexual Assault
Discussion Questions
Introduction
Statistics
Reactions of Victims to Sexual Assault
Who Are the Perpetrators of Rape and Sexual Assault?
What to Do When Sexual Assault is Reported
1-800-656-HOPE
Case Presentation: Anita, A Case of Sexual Assault
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: Nicole, A Case of Date Rape
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: A Case of Date Rape and Date Rape Drugs
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: Kristin, A Case of Rape
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Guidelines for Treating Victims of Sexual Assault
Quiz Answers
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Recommended Films
Suggested Activities
9 Intimate Partner Violence & Domestic Violence
Discussion Questions
Scope of the Problem
Definitions and Terminology
Battered Women
Characteristics Common to Batterers
The Cycle of Violence
Multicultural Considerations
Survivor Therapy with Battered Women
Programs for Batterers
Intimate Partner Stalking
Case Presentation: Physical & Verbal Abuse in a Dating Relationship
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: A Case of Physical & Verbal Abuse
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: A Verbally and Emotionally Abusive Relationship
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
General Guidelines for Crisis Counseling with Couples Exhibiting Intimate Partner Violence
Elder Abuse and Other Types of Domestic Violence
Case Presentation: A Case of Elder Abuse
Summary
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Suggested Readings
Suggested Websites
Recommended Films
Suggested Activities
Recommended YouTube Viewing
10 Crises Involving Bereavement, Grief, and Loss
Discussion Questions
Defining Grief and Crises of Bereavement
Determinants of Grief Reactions
The Grieving Process
The Tasks of Mourning
Crisis Intervention in Situations Involving Bereavement and Loss
Case Presentation: George, A Husband Grieves the Loss of his Wife
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: James and Barbara, A Couple Grieves the Tragic Loss of their Son
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: Ryan, A Child Grieves the Loss of his Mother
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: Tara and Bill, Parents Grieving the Loss of their Newborn Daughter
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: Tanya, A Case of Traumatic Bereavement
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: John, The Grief of Divorce
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Suicide Bereavement
Grieving the Loss of a Pet
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
General Guidelines for Counselors in Managing Crises of Loss and Bereavement
Summary
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Suggested Readings
Suggested Websites
Crisis, Grief, & Healing
Hospice Information
Maternal Grief
Bereavement Information
GriefNet
Suicide Bereavement
Recommended Films
Suggested Activities
Recommended YouTube Viewing
11 Crises Involving Suicide, Homicide, and Lethality
Discussion Questions
Introduction
Scope and Definition of the Problem
Case Presentation: Beth, A Case Involving a Vague Threat of Suicide
Case Presentation: Maria, a Case Involving a Threatened Suicide
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Guidelines for Managing Crises Involving Suicide
Crises Involving Homicide, Lethality, and Threats Of Violence
Scope of the Problem
Assessing Violence/Lethality Risk
Case Presentation: Richard, A Case Involving Threats of Murder/Suicide
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: Jason, A Case Involving the Threat of Violence
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Summary
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Suggested Websites
Recommended Films
Suggested Activities
Recommended YouTube Viewing
12 Mental Health & Psychiatric Crises
Discussion Questions
Scope of the Problem
Defining Various Psychiatric Crises
Crises Related to Trauma and Other Stressors
Crisis Intervention with PTSD and Other Trauma Disorders
Crises Related to Anxiety Disorders
Crisis Intervention with Anxiety Disorders
Case Presentation: A Case of Panic Disorder in the Aftermath of Trauma
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Resolution
Practical Guidelines for Crisis Intervention for Someone with PTSD and Anxiety
Crises Related to Mood Disorders
Crisis Interventions with Mood Disorders
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Practical Guidelines for Crisis Intervention for Someone with Mood Disorders
Crises Related to Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders
Case Presentation: A Crisis Involving Schizophrenia
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Guidelines for Crisis Intervention for Those with Schizophrenia
Crisis Related to Personality Disorders
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: Borderline Personality Disorder
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Guidelines for Crisis Intervention with Borderline Personality Disorder
Crises Involving Neurocognitive Disorders
Crisis Cases Involving Delirium and Dementia
Medical Conditions & Medications That Can Mimic Psychiatric Symptoms
Psychiatric Crisis Service Delivery: Psychiatric Crisis Hot Lines
Intervention
Psychiatric Crisis Service Delivery: Psychiatric Walk-In Crisis Centers and Mobile Crisis Services
Warning Signs of a Mental Health Crisis
Multicultural Considerations
Summary
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Suggested Readings
Suggested Websites
Mood Disorder Resources
Recommended Films
Suggested Activities
Recommended YouTube Viewing
13 Health Crisis
Discussion Questions
Introduction
Defining Medical Crises
Emotional-Psychological Response to Medical Crises
The Crisis Response of the Family and the Cultural Consideration
Case Presentation: A Crisis at the Time of Diagnosis
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Case Presentation: A Treatment Decision Crisis Involving Chronic Back Pain
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Guidelines for Counselors Working with Medical Crises
Summary
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Recommended Films
Suggested Activities
Recommended YouTube Viewing
14 Crises in the Workplace
Discussion Questions
Introduction
Crises Pertaining to Workplace Violence
Case Presentation: When Violence Threatens
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Guidelines for Crisis Intervention with a Potentially Violent Employee
Crises Pertaining to Downsizing and Job Termination
Case Presentation: “I’ve Been Downsized”
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Guidelines for Crisis Counseling with a Downsized Employee
Crises Pertaining to Supervisor—Coworker Conflict
Case Presentation: A Case of Sexual Harassment
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Crises Pertaining to the Convergence of Work Stressors and Outside-of-Work Stressors
Case Example
Intervention
Case Conceptualization/Crisis Resolution
Summary
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Suggested Readings
Suggested Websites
Job Loss Resources
Workplace Violence Resources
Sexual Harassment
Recommended Films
Suggested Activities
Recommended YouTube Viewing
Job Loss
Sexual Harassment
Workplace Violence
15 Disaster Response
Discussion Questions
Introduction
Middletown, New Jersey: A Community in Crisis
Middletown’s Response To 9/11
Middletown’s Favor Answers the Call
Middletown and Favor Working Together
A Parish Rises up to Help
Summary
Resources for Chapter Enrichment
Recommended Films
Suggested Activities
References
Index