Connected Vehicles in the Internet of Things: Concepts, Technologies and Frameworks for the IoV

✍ Scribed by Zaigham Mahmood (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 346
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book presents an overview of the latest smart transportation systems, IoV connectivity frameworks, issues of security and safety in VANETs, future developments in the IoV, technical solutions to address key challenges, and other related topics.

A connected vehicle is a vehicle equipped with Internet access and wireless LAN, which allows the sharing of data through various devices, inside as well as outside the vehicle. The ad-hoc network of such vehicles, often referred to as VANET or the Internet of vehicles (IoV), is an application of IoT technology, and may be regarded as an integration of three types of networks: inter-vehicle, intra-vehicle, and vehicular mobile networks. VANET involves several varieties of vehicle connectivity mechanisms, including vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-cloud (V2C), and vehicle-to-everything (V2X). According to one survey, it is expected that there will be approximately 380 million connected cars on the roads by 2020. IoV is an important aspect of the new vision for smart transportation.

The book is divided into three parts: examining the evolution of IoV (basic concepts, principles, technologies, and architectures), connectivity of vehicles in the IoT (protocols, frameworks, and methodologies), connected vehicle environments and advanced topics in VANETs (security and safety issues, autonomous operations, machine learning, sensor technology, and AI).

By providing scientific contributions and workable suggestions from researchers and practitioners in the areas of IoT, IoV, and security, this valuable reference aims to extend the body of existing knowledge.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Overview
Objectives
Organization
Target Audiences
Acknowledgements
Other Books by Zaigham Mahmood
Software Engineering in the Era of Cloud Computing
The Internet of Things in the Industrial Sector: Security and Device Connectivity, Smart Environments, and Industry 4.0
Security, Privacy and Trust in the IoT Environment
Guide to Ambient Intelligence in the IoT Environment: Principles, Technologies and Applications
Fog Computing: Concepts, Frameworks and Technologies
Smart Cities: Development and Governance Frameworks
Data Science and Big Data Computing: Frameworks and Methodologies
Connected Environments for the Internet of Things: Challenges and Solutions
Connectivity Frameworks for Smart Devices: The Internet of Things from a Distributed Computing Perspective
Cloud Computing: Methods and Practical Approaches
Cloud Computing: Challenges, Limitations and R&D Solutions
Continued Rise of the Cloud: Advances and Trends in Cloud Computing
Software Engineering Frameworks for the Cloud Computing Paradigm
Cloud Computing for Enterprise Architectures
Cloud Computing: Concepts, Technology & Architecture
Software Project Management for Distributed Computing: Life-Cycle Methods for Developing Scalable and Reliable Tools
Requirements Engineering for Service and Cloud Computing
User Centric E-Government: Challenges & Opportunities
Cloud Computing Technologies for Connected Government
Human Factors in Software Development and Design
IT in the Public Sphere: Applications in Administration, Government, Politics, and Planning
Emerging Mobile and Web 2.0 Technologies for Connected E-Government
E-Government Implementation and Practice in Developing Countries
Developing E-Government Projects: Frameworks and Methodologies
Contents
About the Editor
Contributors
Technologies and Architectures
1 Connected Vehicles in the IoV: Concepts, Technologies and Architectures
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Connected Vehicles: Concepts and Architectures
1.2.1 Types of Vehicle (or Car) Connectivity
1.2.2 Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)
1.2.3 Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET)
1.2.4 Internet of Vehicles (IoV)
1.2.5 Vehicle-Embedded Software Applications
1.3 Connected Vehicles: Enabling Technologies
1.3.1 Internet of Things
1.3.2 Cloud Computing
1.3.3 AI and Machine Learning
1.3.4 5G and DSRC Technologies
1.3.5 Other Related Technologies
1.4 Connected Vehicles: Issues and Challenges
1.5 Future Directions
1.6 Conclusions
References
2 Spatial Intelligence and Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication: Topologies and Architectures
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Background
2.3 Spatial Intelligence
2.4 Managing Data in Vehicular Networks
2.5 Vehicle Communication Models
2.5.1 Internet of Vehicles (IoV)
2.5.2 Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Communication
2.6 Node Information Dissemination Behaviour
2.7 Network Topologies and Information Architecture
2.8 Design of Vehicular Communication Models
2.9 Inherent Challenges and Issues
2.10 Future Directions in Vehicular Networks
2.11 Conclusion
References
3 Seamless V2I Communication in HetNet: State-of-the-Art and Future Research Directions
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Radio Access Technologies for V2I Communication
3.2.1 Wi-Fi
3.2.2 DSRC/IEEE 802.11
3.2.3 LTE-A/4G
3.2.4 Cellular-V2X (C-V2X)
3.2.5 5G New Radio (NR)
3.3 Handover Process in Radio Access Technologies
3.3.1 Handover Process
3.3.2 Handover in Wi-Fi
3.3.3 Handover in DSRC/IEEE 802.11p
3.3.4 Handover in LTE-A/4G
3.3.5 Handover in 5G
3.4 Connectivity in HetNet: State-of-the-Art
3.4.1 Solutions by 3GPP
3.4.2 Solutions by IEEE
3.4.3 Other Solutions
3.5 V2I Connectivity: Inherent Challenges
3.5.1 Challenges Associated with RATs
3.5.2 Challenges Associated with Current HetNet Solutions
3.6 Future Research Directions
3.6.1 Multi-path TCP (MPTCP)
3.6.2 Multi-path IP (MPIP)
3.6.3 Software-Defined Vehicular HetNet
3.6.4 Combination of MIH and ANDSF
3.6.5 Combination of ANDSF and Hotspot
3.6.6 5G-Enabled Internet-of-Vehicles
3.7 Conclusion
References
4 Integrating Vehicular Technologies Within the IoT Environment: A Case of Egypt
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Vehicular Technologies: State-of-the-Art
4.3 Vehicular Technologies: Architecture, Components, and Limitations
4.4 ITS—An Emerging IoV Application
4.5 Vehicular Clouds
4.6 Possible Solutions
4.7 Opportunities and Challenges for the Future
4.8 Conclusion
References
5 Protocols and Design Structures for Vehicular Networks
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Background
5.3 Communication in Vehicular Networks
5.4 Vehicular Network Principles
5.5 Protocols in Ubiquitous Networks
5.6 Issues and Emerging Themes in VANET
5.7 Proposed MANET Structure
5.8 Future Research
5.9 Conclusion
References
Frameworks and Methodologies
6 Intelligent Traffic Management Systems for Next Generation IoV in Smart City Scenario
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Conventional Traffic Management Systems and Practices
6.2.1 Drawbacks of Conventional Traffic Management Systems
6.3 Intelligent Traffic Management Systems
6.3.1 Incident Detection and Emergency Response
6.3.2 Intelligent Urban Parking Assistance
6.3.3 Route Optimization
6.3.4 Vehicle Theft Identification and Detection
6.3.5 Automated Toll Management
6.4 Advancements in Intelligent Traffic Management Systems
6.4.1 Reinforcement Learning Approach
6.4.2 Local Context Awareness
6.5 Challenges and Future Perspective
6.5.1 Data Integration
6.5.2 Security and Privacy
6.5.3 Investment and Operating Costs
6.5.4 Sabotage and System Evasion
6.6 Conclusion
References
7 Smart Transportation Tracking Systems Based on the Internet of Things Vision
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Data Collection and Analysis
7.3 Data Analysis and Result
7.3.1 Measuring Attributes of Using IoT Smart Sensors in Tracking Systems
7.3.2 Commonly Used IoT Sensors in Vehicular Tracking Systems
7.3.3 Data Transfer Methods Between Sensors and Actuators
7.3.4 Network and Protocols Utilized in Communication Methods
7.3.5 Data Storage Approaches
7.3.6 Use of Languages and Software Systems for Tracking
7.3.7 Algorithms Used in Vehicular Tracking Systems
7.4 Discussion
7.5 Conclusion
Author Contribution and Acknowledgements
References
8 REView: A Unified Telemetry Platform for Electric Vehicles and Charging Infrastructure
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Background
8.2.1 Adoption of Electric Vehicles and Charging Stations
8.2.2 Measuring the Environmental Impact
8.2.3 Telemetry Platforms and Networks
8.3 System Design: Overview
8.4 Charging Infrastructures
8.4.1 DC Charging
8.4.1.1 Communication Protocols
8.4.1.2 User Authentication
8.4.1.3 Data Visualization
8.4.2 AC Charging
8.4.2.1 Communication Protocols
8.4.2.2 Telemetry Parameters
8.4.2.3 User Authentication
8.4.2.4 Database
8.4.2.5 Data Visualization
8.5 Vehicle Monitoring
8.5.1 Communication Protocols
8.5.2 Database
8.5.3 Data Visualization
8.5.3.1 Vehicle Tracking
8.5.3.2 Driving Statistics
8.5.3.3 Heat Maps
8.5.3.4 Journey Logs
8.6 EV Charging Power Generation
8.6.1 Data Visualization
8.7 Usage Billing
8.7.1 Itemized Billing
8.7.2 Station Operator Billing
8.7.3 Network Overview
8.8 Mobile Applications
8.9 Results
8.9.1 Overall Energy Usage
8.9.2 Usage of Charging Infrastructure
8.9.3 Solar PV Monitoring
8.9.4 Heat Maps for EV Tracking
8.9.5 Charging Infrastructure Usage Forecast
8.10 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Security and Privacy in the IoT
9 Security and Privacy Challenges in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 VANET Overview
9.2.1 VANET Architecture Components
9.2.2 VANET Characteristics
9.3 Security and Privacy in Vehicular Networks
9.3.1 Need for Security
9.3.2 Security and Privacy Requirements
9.3.3 Challenges in Implementing Security in VANETs
9.3.4 Adversaries and Adversary Models
9.4 Threats and Attacks in Vehicular Networks
9.4.1 Attacks on Authenticity and Identification
9.4.2 Attacks on Availability
9.4.3 Attacks on Confidentiality and Privacy
9.4.4 Attacks on Non-repudiation (Accountability)
9.4.5 Attacks on Integrity and Data Trust
9.5 Mitigation and Countermeasures
9.5.1 Intrusion Detection Systems
9.5.2 ID-Based Security Systems
9.5.3 Public Key/Asymmetric-Based Schemes
9.5.4 Symmetric-Based Schemes
9.5.5 Secure Routing Protocols
9.6 Conclusion
References
10 Security Issues in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks for Evolution Towards Internet of Vehicles
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Related Work
10.3 Existing Schemes
10.4 LIAT
10.4.1 Network and System Assumptions
10.4.2 Root-BS Registration Phase
10.4.3 BS-Vehicle Registration Phase
10.4.4 Authentication Phase
10.4.5 Algorithmic Complexity
10.4.5.1 Algorithmic Complexity of Root-BS Registration Phase
10.4.5.2 Algorithmic Complexity of BS-Vehicle Registration Phase
10.4.5.3 Algorithmic Complexity of Authentication Phase
10.5 LoWVR
10.5.1 Network Description
10.5.2 Algorithms
10.5.3 Correctness Proof of Basic Properties
10.6 Performance Analysis of LIAT
10.6.1 Qualitative Performance
10.6.1.1 Security Analysis
10.6.1.2 Overhead Analysis
10.6.2 Quantitative Performance
10.6.2.1 Simulation Metrics
10.6.2.2 Simulation Results
10.7 Performance Analysis of LoWVR
10.7.1 Qualitative Performance
10.7.1.1 Security Analysis
10.7.1.2 Overhead Analysis
10.7.2 Quantitative Performance
10.7.2.1 Simulation Metrics
10.7.2.2 Simulation Results
10.8 Conclusion
References
11 Cloud-Based Secured VANET with Advanced Resource Management and IoV Applications
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Cloud-based VANET Architecture
11.3 VANET Resource Management System
11.4 IoV Applications of Cloud-based VANET
11.5 VANET Communication Modes
11.6 Proposed Distributive Security Algorithm for VANET Communication Modes
11.7 Conclusion
References
Index