𝔖 Bobbio Scriptorium
✦   LIBER   ✦

Conceptual Capacity to Categorize and the Evolution of Altruism

✍ Scribed by Laureano Castro; José M. Serrano; Miguel A. Toro

Publisher
Elsevier Science
Year
1998
Tongue
English
Weight
135 KB
Volume
192
Category
Article
ISSN
0022-5193

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis

The conceptual capacity to categorize and consequently the ability to approve or reprove the one's and other's behavior allows the appearance of individuals with a new type of cooperative behavior that we have called "Assessor". The Assessor individual, if the partner behaves in a selfish way, reproves and penalizes this behavior changing his initial cooperation into defect. The reprobation permits that Assessor individuals, through simple observation, inhibit their altruistic behavior towards individuals whose selfish behavior has already been reproved, without having to interact with them. The evolutionary properties of Assessor behavior are analysed using the model of the iterated prisoner's dilemma where Assessor individuals compete with "always defect" individuals. The results are compared with those obtained, in the same circumstances, by other cooperative behaviors such as "always cooperate", "Tit-for-Tat" and "Observer-Tit-For-Tat". It is shown that in all situations Assessor is evolutionarily stronger than Tit-for-Tat when both face ALL D. It is also advantageous with respect to Observer-Tit-For-Tat in those situations that favor the evolution of reciprocal altruism "Tit-for Tat".Copyright 1998 Academic Press Limited

📜 SIMILAR VOLUMES

The Unit of Selection in Viscous Populat
The Unit of Selection in Viscous Populations and the Evolution of Altruism
✍ Minus van Baalen; David A. Rand 📂 Article 📅 1998 🏛 Elsevier Science 🌐 English ⚖ 335 KB

Group selection can overcome individual selection for selfishness and favour altruism if there is variation among the founders of the spatially distinct groups, and groups with many altruists become substantially larger (or exist longer) than groups with few. Whether altruism can evolve in populatio

The Hitchhiker's Guide to Altruism: Gene
The Hitchhiker's Guide to Altruism: Gene-culture Coevolution, and the Internalization of Norms
✍ HERBERT GINTIS 📂 Article 📅 2003 🏛 Elsevier Science 🌐 English ⚖ 181 KB

An internal norm is a pattern of behavior enforced in part by internal sanctions, such as shame, guilt and loss of self-esteem, as opposed to purely external sanctions, such as material rewards and punishment. The ability to internalize norms is widespread among humans, although in some so-called "s

Conceptual Approach to the Reactivity of
Conceptual Approach to the Reactivity of Dihydrogen
✍ Heinz Berke 📂 Article 📅 2010 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English ⚖ 1024 KB

## Abstract __Dihydrogen reactions are mainly reaction‐center‐mediated. In a systematic approach, these reactions are divided into the steps of splitting of H~2~ and H‐atom transfers with homolytic and heterolytic splitting at mono‐ and dinuclear reaction centers, and further homopolar H transfers

Self-Organization and Competition in Evo
Self-Organization and Competition in Evolution: a Conceptual Problem in the Use of Fitness Landscapes
✍ Tjeerd B. Jongeling 📂 Article 📅 1996 🏛 Elsevier Science 🌐 English ⚖ 270 KB

Recently it has been claimed that certain macroevolutionary patterns, such as the contrast between the Cambrian explosion and the Permian quiescence, can be explained as generic properties of selection processes, i.e. as features that are not caused by specific selection pressures, but that are to b

Willingness to pay for health risk reduc
Willingness to pay for health risk reduction in the context of altruism
✍ Jorge E. Araña; Carmelo J. León 📂 Article 📅 2002 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English ⚖ 173 KB

## Abstract This paper presents results on the valuation of health risks in the presence of altruism. The contingent valuation method is utilised in a split sample experiment for estimating the private and public values in reducing the risk of flu. Data modelling for the dichotomous choice method f