Concentration polarization in electrodialysis—III. Practical electrodialysis systems
✍ Scribed by B.A. Cooke; S.J. Van der Walt
- Book ID
- 103063857
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1961
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 828 KB
- Volume
- 5
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0013-4686
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✦ Synopsis
Concentration overpotential has been measured in systems having mass transfer by forced convection caused by flow through a compartment bounded by ion-exchange membranes. The dependence upon current density of the difference between the bulk solution concentration and the apparent interfacial concentration derived from the measured overpotential is found to be non-linear. This is ascribed to the changing nature of current distribution with increasing current, together with the presence of a diffusion layer of varying thickness. Interposition of a perforated corrugated spacer between the membranes, besides assisting depolarization, widens the range of layer thicknesses to an extent which increases with increasing flow velocity. Systems with mass transfer by stirring are briefly reported upon. R&urn&La surtension de concentration a tt6 mesurk dans des systtmes oti le transport de masse g convection for&e est dQ au passage au &avers d'un compartiment form& par des membranes &hangeurs d'ions. La corr&lation entre la densite du courant et la diffkrence entre la concentration de la solution principale et la concentration interfaciale apparente-indiqute par le surtension mesureeparait &tre non-lineaire. Ce pht?nom&ne est attribue aux variations de la distribution du courant qui accompagnent tout accroissement de ce courant, ainsi qu% la presence d'une couche de diffusion dont l'kpaisseur varie. L'interposition entre les membranes d'un distanceur pIis& et perfork--part de faciliter la ddpolarisation-fait accroEtre Y&endue des variations d'epaisseur de ces couches dans une mesure qui accroit avec la velocite du flux. Des systtmes B transport de masse par agitation ont dtC dCcrits d'une faGon succincte. Zusammenfassung-Die Konzentrationsiiberspannung wurde in Systemen mit Stofftransport gemessen, wobei eine Konvektion mittels Strtimung durch einen von Ionenaustauschermembranen abgeschlossenen Abteil erzwungen wurde. Die Differenz zwischen den Gesamtkonzentrationen, sowie die aus der gemessenen ijberspannung errechnete scheinbare Grenzfl$chenkonzentration, sind nicht linear von der Stromdichte abhlngig. Dies wird der Anderung der Stromverteilung, sowie der Gegenwart einer Diffusionsschicht Dicke zugeschrieben. Die Einfiihrung einer gelochten und gewellten Distanzscheibe bewirkt neben einer Begiinstigung der Depolarisation eine mit wachsender Flussgeschwindigkeit zunehmende Erweiterung des Variations-bereiches der Schichtdicken. Systeme mit stofftransport durch Riihren werden kurz behandelt. THE need for effective depolarization in the operation of electrodialysis apparatus is one of the basic considerations in the design of, and choice of operating conditions for, such apparatus. Depolarization is invariably achieved by forced convection, the solution being passed through a narrow space bounded by the ion-exchange membranes. In many cases, eddy formation in the liquid stream is deliberately promoted * Manuscript
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This research work presents a simple, original and illustrative experimental method to investigate the concenlration polarization using a cation exchange membrane (CEM). The nature of the overlimiting current (Iov) and the water dissociation (WD) on the CEM are particularly studied. They are still w
The value of overpotential measurements in the study of concentration polarization occurring in electrodialytic systems with ion-exchange membranes is considered. With proper allowance made for the liquid junction potentials which arise, it is possible to estimate interfacial concentrations and the