Clean Water: Next Generation Technologies (Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation)

✍ Scribed by Khouloud Jlassi (editor), Mehmet A. Oturan (editor), Ahmad Fauzi Ismail (editor), Mohamed Mehdi Chehimi (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 287
• Edition: 2024
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book summarises the recent, and future, sustainable, low-cost, environment-friendly and efficient systems for clean water production, to solve clean water crisis. We cover production of water the dew and rain or via desalination, Fenton processes or electrocoagulation; nanomaterial-based water purification methods including adsorption, catalysis, smart-sensors for pollutants detection and removal. We also cover environmental management, environmental policy aspects, and review recent patents and industrial processes to produce clean water. Written by experts in the domain of wastewater treatment, production of clean water and environmental management, this new book will be a unique tool for experts and students. We anticipate it open new horizons in clean water production and will be a source of inspiration for next generations of clean water technologies researchers

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Emerging Water Recovery Processes from Dew and Light Rain
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Dew Characteristics
2.1 Radiative Balance
2.2 Dew Volume Evaluation
2.3 Wind Influence
2.4 Nucleation
2.4.1 Nucleation on Solids
2.4.2 Nucleation on Liquids
2.5 Droplet Growth
2.5.1 Solid Substrate
2.5.2 Liquid-Infused Substrate
3 Light Rain Characteristics
3.1 Main Rain Characteristics
3.2 Light Rain Deposition and Collection
4 Dew and Rain Chemical Properties
4.1 pH and EC Measurements
4.2 Ion Measurements
4.2.1 Cations
4.2.2 Anions
5 Dew and Rain Biology
6 Dew Water Condensation and Collection
6.1 Enhanced Condensation
6.1.1 Radiation Deficit
6.1.2 Reduce Heat Losses
6.2 Water Collection by Gravity
6.2.1 Film Condensation and Collection
6.2.2 Dropwise Condensation and Collection. Edge Effects
6.2.3 Enhanced Drop Collection by Edge Effects
6.2.4 Enhanced Drop Collection by Surface Treatment
Filmwise Condensation
Dropwise Condensation
Liquid-Imbibed Substrate (LIS)
7 Dew Condenser Shapes
8 Concluding Remarks
References
Capacitive Deionization: A Promising Water Treatment and Desalination Technology
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 History
3 Principle
3.1 Ion Adsorption Mechanism
3.1.1 Capacitive Ion Adsorption
3.1.2 Pseudocapacitive Mechanisms
Redox Pseudocapacitance
Intercalation Pseudocapacitance
3.1.3 CDI Classification Based on the Ion Storage Mechanism
Conventional Capacitive CDI
Pseudocapacitive CDI
Hybrid CDI
4 Advantages of CDI
5 CDI Performance Indicators: Process Aspect Consideration
5.1 CDI Performance Indicators
5.1.1 Maximum Salt Adsorption Capacity (mSAC)
5.1.2 Average Salt Adsorption Rate (ASAR)
5.1.3 Charge Efficiency (CE)
5.1.4 Specific Energy Consumption (SEC)
6 CDI Cell Types
6.1 CDI Cell Configurations
6.1.1 Flow-By CDI
6.1.2 Flow-Through CDI
6.1.3 Membrane CDI
6.1.4 Flow Electrode CDI
6.1.5 CDI Using Wires
6.1.6 Coupled CDI Systems
7 CDI Electrode Materials
7.1 Carbon Electrode Materials
7.1.1 Activated Carbon (AC)
7.1.2 Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs)
7.1.3 Carbon Aerogel (CA)
7.1.4 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
7.1.5 Graphene
7.1.6 Ordered Mesoporous Carbon (OMC)
8 Ion Selectivity in CDI
8.1 Properties of the Electrode and the Adsorbing Ions
8.2 The Operational Parameters in CDI
9 Conclusion and Perspectives
References
Hydrophobic Ceramic Hollow Fiber Membrane: Fabrication and Potential Use in Membrane Distillation for Desalination
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 MD Configurations
3 Membrane Structure
4 Materials for Ceramic Membranes
4.1 Commercially Available Ceramic Membranes
4.2 Alternative Raw Materials for Ceramic Membranes
4.2.1 Kaolin
4.2.2 Natural Zeolite
4.2.3 Apatite
4.2.4 Quartz Sand
4.2.5 Fly Ash
4.2.6 Rice Husk Ash
4.2.7 Sugarcane Bagasse Ash
5 Preparation of Ceramic Hollow Fiber Precursors via Phase Inversion/Sintering Method
5.1 Preparation of Spinning Suspensions
5.2 Phase Inversion
5.3 Sintering Technique
5.3.1 Pre-sintering Stage
5.3.2 Thermolysis
5.3.3 Final Sintering
5.4 Other Parameters that Affect the Membrane Properties
6 Fabrication of Hydrophobic Ceramic Membrane for MD Application
6.1 Immersion Method
6.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Method
6.3 Sol–Gel Method
7 Hydrophobic Ceramic Membrane’s Application for MD
8 Conclusions and Future Direction
References
Metal–Organic Frameworks as Emerging Materials for Desalination
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Designation of MOFs Membrane
2.1 Synthesis Approach
2.2 Growing MOFs on the Modified Substrate
3 MOFs-Based Membrane Attributes for Desalination Efficiency
4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Nanofiber-Based Forward Osmosis Membrane for Desalination
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Principle and Mechanism of FO Operation
3 Fabrication of FO Membrane
3.1 Phase Inversion
3.2 Interfacial Polymerization
3.3 Stretching
3.4 Track-Etching
4 Challenges in FO Operation
5 Advancement in Nanofiber-Based FO Membrane Fabrication Methods
5.1 Electrospinning—Fabrication of Nanofibrous-Based FO Membrane
6 Application and Performance of FO Membranes in Water Desalination
7 Conclusion
References
Recent Progress and Trends in Water Pollutant Monitoring with Smart Devices
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Design of Portable Assays for the Monitoring of Harmful Substances in Water
2.1 Heavy Metals Monitoring
2.2 Pesticides Monitoring
2.3 Monitoring of pH and Temperature
3 Wireless Sensor Network
3.1 Commonly Used Remote-Sensing Systems
3.2 Applications
3.2.1 In Lakes, Rivers, and Large Waterbodies
3.2.2 Water Quality in Aquaculture and Fish Farms
3.2.3 Drinking Water Quality
4 Wearable Sensors
5 Conclusion
References
Water Contamination in Fish Farms: Electrochemical Contribution
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Quality and Safety Concerns in Aquaculture (Practices and Environmental Impacts in Aquaculture)
3 Solid Wastes
4 Mineral Wastes
5 Micropollutants
5.1 Therapeutics
5.2 Pesticides
5.3 Fertilizers
5.4 Hormones
6 Sensor Contribution to Fish Farms
6.1 Electrochemical Sensors of Antibiotics
6.2 Electrochemical Sensors for Other Contaminants
7 Challenges and Future Perspectives
8 Conclusion
References
Advanced Oxidation Processes
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Sonochemical Process
2.1 Sono-Fenton Process
2.2 Sono-photo-Fenton Process
2.3 Sonophotocatalysis
2.4 Sono-ozonolysis
3 Hydrodynamic Cavitation
3.1 HC + H2O2
3.2 HC + O3
3.3 HC+ Persulphate
3.4 HC + Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO)
4 Ozone-Based Process
4.1 Ozonation with UV Radiation (O3 + UV)
4.2 O3 + H2O2
4.3 O3 + Metal Oxide Catalysts
4.4 O3 + Activated Carbon
4.5 O3/Fenton
4.6 Photocatalytic Ozonation
5 UV Light-Based Process
5.1 Sonophotolysis
5.2 Photocatalysis
5.3 Photoelectrocatalysis
6 Sulphate Radical-Based AOPs
7 Conclusion and Perspectives
References
Fenton-Related Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for Water Treatment
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Principles and Future of the Fenton Process
3 The Fenton Reaction-Based Processes
3.1 Photo-Fenton
3.2 Electro-Fenton (EF) and Related Processes
3.2.1 Photoelectro-Fenton and Solar Photoelectro-Fenton Processes
3.2.2 Sonoelectro-Fenton
3.2.3 Bio-Electro-Fenton
3.2.4 Pyrite Electro-Fenton
3.2.5 Ferrate Electro-Fenton
3.2.6 Peroxi-Electrocoagulation
4 Fered-Fenton and Anodic Fenton Processes
5 Concluding Remarks and Perspectives
References
Prospects and Challenges of Electrooxidation and Related Technologies for the Removal of Pollutants from Contaminated Water and Soils
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Recent Advances in Electrode Materials and Designs in Electrochemical Oxidation
3 Coupling EO with Other Advanced Oxidation Processes
4 Opportunities of EO for Treatment of Wastewater and Contaminated Soils
4.1 Decentralized Water Treatment Technology
4.2 Point of Use Treatment Technology
4.3 Disinfection Treatment
4.4 Treatment of Soil Washing and Flushing Effluents
5 Challenges and Limitations of EO and Related Processes
5.1 Installation and Operation Costs
5.2 Formation of Toxic Halogenated Byproducts
6 Conclusion Remarks
References
Porous Composite Catalysts for the Removal of Water Organic Pollutants: A Materials Chemist Perspective
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Multicomponent Heterogeneous Catalysts for Water Treatment
2.1 Mesoporous Silica-Based Catalysts
2.1.1 History of a Fascinating Material
2.1.2 Design of Mesoporous Silica-Based Catalyst for Wastewater Treatment
“Direct” Method
“Indirect” Method
2.2 Carbon Allotropes-Based Catalysts: Biochar as Emergent Support
2.2.1 Method (i) Direct Pyrolysis of Nanocatalyst Precursor-Impregnated Biomass
2.2.2 Method (ii): Immobilization of Nanocatalysts on Preformed Biochar
2.2.3 Method (iii): Biochar-Immobilized Catalyst by Mixing Biochar and Preformed Catalysts
3 Comparison Between Mesoporous Silica and Biochar Catalyst Supports
4 Future Pprospects
4.1 Emergent Pollutants
4.2 Improvement of Selectivity
4.3 Potential Implementation in Water Treatment Technologies
5 Conclusion
References
Advanced Treatment of Water Polluted by Hexavalent Chromium
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Chemical Reduction-Adsorption Coupled Approach
3 Electrochemical Reduction Reaction
4 Bioelectrochemical Reduction Reaction
5 Photocatalytic Reduction Reaction
6 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
Microplastic and Nanoplastic Removal Efficiency with Current and Innovative Water Technologies
Abstract
1 Plastic Contamination—A New Challenge for Water Treatment Systems
2 Efficiency of Existing Technologies Toward MP-NP Removal
2.1 MP-NP in Wastewater
2.2 MP-NPs in Drinking Water Systems
3 Innovation in Technology as Solution for MP-NP Contamination in Water Treatment Systems
References
Membrane Bioreactor for Sewage Treatment
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Types and Novel Configurations of MBR
3 Recent Trends in MBR Fouling Control
4 Innovative MBR for Sewage Treatment
5 Conclusions
References
Electrocoagulation
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Optimization of Electrocoagulation Process
2.1 Combined Electrocoagulation and Electrochemical Oxidation Treatment (EC–EO)
2.2 Combined Electrocoagulation and Sorption Process (EC–SP)
3 Electrocoagulation Process Coupled to Membrane Separation
4 Conclusion
References
Removal of Organochlorine Pesticides from Soil and Water
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Sabiñanigo Landfills (Bailín and Sardas): Sites Characterization
3 On-site Treatment of Polluted Water
3.1 Reduction of Chlorinated Organic Compounds: Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI)
3.2 Oxidation: Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)
3.2.1 Fenton-Based Processes
3.2.2 Electrooxidation Processes
3.2.3 Persulfate-Based Processes
4 In Situ Treatment of Subsoil and Groundwater Impacted by DNAPL
4.1 Surfactant Enhanced Aquifer Remediation (SEAR)
4.2 Surfactant-In Situ Chemical Oxidation (S-ISCO)
4.3 In Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO)
5 On-site Treatment of Superficial Soils
5.1 Advanced Oxidation Processes
5.1.1 Fenton Process
5.1.2 Persulfate-Based Processes
5.2 Surfactants Soil Washing and Oxidation of the Resulting Emulsion
6 Future Perspectives
References
Recent Patents and Modern Industrial Devices for Clean Water
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Desalination Technology Patent Activity
3 Desalination Systems
4 Membrane Technology
5 Nanotechnology Water Treatment
6 Solar Desalination
7 New Trends in Desalination and Water Treatment
8 Future Potentials and Challenges
9 Conclusion
References
Index