Carbon-Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Agricultural, Biomedical, and Environmental Interventions

✍ Scribed by Bachheti A., Bachheti R.K., Husen A. (ed.)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 404
• Series: Smart Nanomaterials Technolog
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Carbon nanomaterials have several applications, which is driving up scientific research into them. The book showcases the most recent advancements and research discoveries rather than just providing an overview. Each chapter offers authoritative insights into the ever-changing field of carbon-based nanomaterials, as written by top authorities in their respective domains. The book stands out for its persistent focus on real-world application. It is devoted to practical applications and is divided into four sections. The intriguing promise of carbon nanomaterials, their synthesis, and their possible uses set the stage for the adventure. Subsequently, the emphasis shifts to agriculture, where nanomaterials have been shown to improve plant health, fend against illnesses, promote growth and development, and even help detect and remove herbicides. The biomedical part explores the potential toxicological ramifications of these materials while introducing the reader to their ground-breaking role in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and the fight against fungal diseases. Overall, the book provides valuable insights and serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers and scientists across various interdisciplinary subjects.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Smart Nanomaterials Technology Series
Carbon-Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Agricultural, Biomedical, and Environmental Interventions
Copyright
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Carbon-Based Smart Nanomaterials: An Overview
1. Introduction
2. Types of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
3. Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
4. Potential Applications, Current Research Trends, and Future Prospects of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
5. Toxicity and Environmental Impact of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
6. Conclusion and Future Directions
References
Graphene-Based Nanomaterial Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications
1. Introduction
2. Graphene-Based Nanomaterial Synthesis
2.1 Hummers Method (Top-Down Method)
2.2 Reduction of Graphene Oxide (Top-Down Method)
2.3 Liquid Phase Exfoliation (LPE) (Top-Down Method)
2.4 Mechanical Cleavage (MC) (Top-Down Method)
2.5 Arc Discharge (Top-Down Method)
2.6 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) (Bottom-Up Method)
2.7 Epitaxial Growth (Bottom-Up Method)
3. Characterization Techniques
4. Graphene-Based Nanomaterials Application
5. Conclusions
References
Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Carbon Nanotube
1. Introduction
2. Synthesis of CNTs
2.1 Arc Discharge
2.2 Laser Ablation
2.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
3. Characterization of CNTs
3.1 Raman Spectroscopy
3.2 Fourier Transform IR and Infrared Spectroscopies
3.3 Ultraviolet–visible Spectroscopy
3.4 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
3.5 Fluorescence Spectroscopy
3.6 Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopies
3.7 Scanning Probe Microscopies
4. Applications of CNTs
4.1 CNT-Based Drug and Delivery of Genes
4.2 Artificial Implants
4.3 Tissue Engineering
4.4 Field Emission Source in Electronic Devices
5. Conclusion
References
Functionalization of Carbon-Based Nanoparticles for Various Applications
1. Introduction
2. Types of Nanomaterials
2.1 1-D Nanoparticles
2.2 2-D Nanoparticles-Carbon Nanotubes
2.3 0-D Nanoparticles-Fullerenes
2.4 Dendrimers
3. Functionalization of Carbon-Based Nanoparticles-
3.1 Exohedral Functionalization
3.2 Endohedral Functionalization
4. Applications of Carbon-Based Nanoparticles in Different Areas
4.1 Applications of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes
4.2 Applications of Functionalized Quantum Dots
4.3 Applications of Functionalized Dendrimers
4.4 Applications of Functionalized Fullerenes
5. Conclusion
References
Smart Carbon Nanomaterials and Their Effect on the Antioxidant System of Plants
1. Introduction
2. Overview of Smart Carbon Nanomaterials
3. Carbon Nanotubes
4. The Importance of Smart Carbon Nanomaterials as an Antioxidant
5. Use of Smart Carbon Nanomaterials as Antioxidants in Different Studies
6. Future Directions of Smart Carbon Nanomaterials as an Antioxidant
7. Conclusion
References
Role of Carbon Nanomaterials in the Prevention of Plant Disease
1. Introduction
2. Types of Carbon Nanomaterials
2.1 Carbon Nanotubes
2.2 Graphene
2.3 Fullerene
2.4 Other Carbon Nanomaterials
3. Application of Carbon Nanomaterials in the Prevention of Plant Disease
3.1 Carbon Nanotubes
3.2 Graphene Nanomaterials
3.3 Fullerene
4. Conclusion
References
Recent Research on the Use of Carbon Nanomaterials in Plant Growth and Development
1. Introduction
2. Overview of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
3. Carbon Nanotube Classifications
4. Importance of Nanomaterials in Agriculture
5. Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes
6. Carbon Nanomaterials in Plant Nutrition
6.1 Enhanced Nutrient Delivery
6.2 Role in Micronutrient Uptake and Stimulating Photosynthesis with Nanomaterials
6.3 Improved CO2 Fixation
6.4 Increased Chlorophyll Production
6.5 Protection Against Pathogens
6.6 Biochemical and Physiological Effects
7. Conclusion
References
Role of Carbon Nanotubes for Herbicide Detection and Remediation
1. Introduction
2. Structure and Type of Carbon Nanotubes
3. Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
4. Carbon Nanotubes Synthesis
5. Applications of Carbon Nanotubes for Herbicide Detection
6. Applications of Carbon Nanotubes for Herbicide Remediation
7. Potential Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes
8. Limitations of the Application of Carbon Nanotubes
9. Conclusions
References
Drug Delivery Using Carbon Nanomaterials
1. Introduction
2. Classification of Carbon Nanomaterial
2.1 Porous Carbon
2.2 Carbon Dots
2.3 Nanodiamonds
2.4 Fullerenes
2.5 Carbon Nanotubes
2.6 Graphene
3. Physicochemical Effects on Carbon Nanomaterial’s Ability to Deliver Drugs
3.1 Enzymatic Degradation
3.2 Biocompatibility and Biological Interactions
3.3 Bio-corona
3.4 Toxicity
4. Carbon Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery
4.1 Delivery of Anticancer Drugs
4.2 Delivery of Anti-tubercular Drugs
4.3 Delivery of Antifungal Drugs
4.4 Delivery of Anti-inflammatory Drugs
4.5 Delivery of Neurological Drugs
4.6 Delivery of Biomolecules, Gene Transfection, and as Biosensors
5. Challenges and Limitations of Carbon Nanomaterials
6. Conclusions
References
Biomedical Applications of 1D and 2D Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
1. Introduction
1.1 Preparation of Nanomaterials
2. Biomedical Importance of Nanoparticles
2.1 Detection and Diagnosis
2.2 Drug Delivery
2.3 Therapeutics Agents
3. Emerging 1D and 2D Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications
4. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Their Applications
5. 1D Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications
5.1 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
5.2 CNTs as Biosensors
5.3 CNTs in Drug Delivery
5.4 CNTs in Cancer Therapy
6. 2D Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications
6.1 Graphene
6.2 Graphene Oxide
6.3 Reduced Graphene Oxide
7. Some Specific Biomedical Applications of 2D Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
7.1 Drug Delivery
7.2 Gene Delivery
7.3 Biosensing
7.4 Tissue Engineering
8. Toxicity Issues of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
8.1 Toxicity Issues of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials on Living Organisms
8.2 Toxicity Issues of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials on the Environment
9. Future Prospects
10. Conclusion
References
A Recent Update of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: Focusing on Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering
1. Introduction
2. Graphene and Graphene Oxide Synthesis
2.1 Exfoliation
2.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition Method
2.3 Thermal Reduction Methods
2.4 Chemical Reduction Methods
3. The Graphene/Graphene Derivatives-Based Materials in Biomedical Applications
3.1 Drug Delivery
3.2 Tissue Engineering
4. Conclusion
References
Carbon Nanomaterials in Drug and Gene Delivery Potential: Focus on Fungal Infections
1. Introduction
1.1 Background on Fungal Infections and Their Impact on Human Health
1.2 Need for Effective Drug and Gene Delivery Systems for Fungal Infections
1.3 Overview of Carbon Nanomaterials and Their Unique Properties
1.4 Rationale for Exploring Carbon Nanomaterials in Drug and Gene Delivery for Fungal Infections
2. Types of Carbon Nanomaterials for Drug and Gene Delivery
2.1 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
2.2 Graphene and Graphene Oxide (GO)
2.3 Carbon Dots and Nanodots
2.4 Fullerenes
3. Applications and Results in Fungal Infection Therapy
3.1 Antifungal Drug Delivery Using Carbon Nanomaterials
3.2 Gene Delivery for Antifungal Therapy
4. Challenges and Future Perspectives
4.1 Safety Considerations and Potential Toxicity of Carbon Nanomaterials
4.2 Regulatory Aspects and Hurdles in Translating Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Therapies to the Clinic
4.3 Long-Term Stability and Degradation Issues
4.4 Optimization of Drug Loading and Release Kinetics
4.5 Advancements in Personalized and Targeted Therapy Using Carbon Nanomaterials
References
Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes Biomedical Applications and Toxicological Implications
1. Introduction
2. Structure of Carbon Nanotubes
3. Synthesis
3.1 Arc Discharge
3.2 Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD)
3.3 Electrolysis
3.4 Laser Ablation
3.5 Sonochemical Method
4. Materials
5. Functionalization Techniques of CNTs
6. Functionalization of CNTs
6.1 Noncovalent Functionalization
6.2 Covalent Functionalization
7. Advancement in CNTs—3D Bioprinting
8. Biomedical Application of Carbon Nanotubes
9. Limitations of CNT
10. Toxicity
11. Conclusion
References
Role of Carbon Nanomaterials in Air Pollution Remediation
1. Introduction
2. Common Types of Carbon Nanomaterials
2.1 Carbon Nanotube (CNT)
2.2 Graphene
2.3 Fullerenes
2.4 Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs)
3. Mechanisms of Air Pollution Remediation
3.1 Adsorption Activity of Carbon Nanomaterials (CNMs)
3.2 CNMs in Catalytic Activity and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Generation
4. Applications of CNMs in Air Pollution Remediation
5. Challenges in Carbon Nanomaterials Application
5.1 Manufacturing Costs
5.2 Toxicity and Environmental Risks
5.3 Public Acceptance
5.4 Advantages and Disadvantages
6. Conclusion
References
Carbon Nanomaterial for Oil Spill Clean-Up
1. Introduction
2. Ecosystem and Societal Impact of Oil Spill
3. Superhydrophobic and Superoleophilic Carbon-Based Material
4. Carbon Nanomaterials for Oil Spill Clean-up
4.1 Carbon Nanotube-Based Sorbents
4.2 Graphene-Based Sorbent
4.3 Nanocarbon Aerogels
4.4 Graphite Nanomaterials
5. Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
Environmental Toxicity of Engineered Carbon Nanoparticles
1. Introduction
2. Environment-Related Concerns of CNMs
3. Toxicity of Carbon Nanomaterials
3.1 Cytotoxicity
3.2 Genotoxicity
4. CNMs’ Toxicity to Fungi
5. CNMs’ Toxicity to Plants
6. CNMs’ Toxicity to Bacteria
7. Conclusion
References
Role of Carbon Nanomaterials in Energy Generation, Storage, and Conversion
1. Background
1.1 Energy Future: Challenges and Opportunities
2. Role of Carbon Nanomaterials in Energy Applications
2.1 Carbon Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion
2.2 Carbon Nanomaterials for Energy Storage
3. Conclusion
References