Broadband flat-gain and low-noise Raman amplifiers pumped by wavelength-multiplexed high-power laser diodes

✍ Scribed by Yoshihiro Emori; Soko Kado; Shu Namiki

• Book ID: 104375456
• Publisher: Elsevier Science
• Year: 2002
• Tongue: English
• Weight: 338 KB
• Volume: 8
• Category: Article
• ISSN: 1068-5200
• DOI: 10.1016/s1068-5200(02)00003-2

✦ Synopsis

This paper reviews recent progress in broadband Raman amplifiers for WDM applications. After the fundamentals of Raman amplifiers are discussed in contrast to erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, basic characteristics of multi-wavelength pumped Raman amplifiers are presented, and the design procedure is summarized with respect to the pumping wavelength and power allocation, which are explained by superposition rule and pump-to-pump energy transfer, respectively. Some issues of the relation between amplifier characteristics and pump laser parameters are also presented. In order to present examples of the advanced performances of broadband Raman amplifier pumped by wavelength-division-multiplexed high-power laser diodes, it is demonstrated that the gain and noise spectrum can be controlled by this WDM-pumping scheme.