Blepharitis: A Comprehensive Clinical Guide

✍ Scribed by Asim V. Farooq (editor), James J. Reidy (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 118
• Series: Essentials in Ophthalmology
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book is a comprehensive overview of blepharitis that covers the various types of this common and challenging entity.

Concise and unique, chapters are clinically focused, providing an equal emphasis on the medical as well as surgical management of this condition. The book concludes with a look at future directions in the field as they pertain to diagnosis and management.

Blepharitis is an invaluable reference written specifically for comprehensive ophthalmologists, cornea and external disease specialists, residents, fellows, and optometrists.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Contributors
1: Anterior Blepharitis
Introduction
Causes of Anterior Blepharitis
Allergic Contact Blepharitis
Atopic Blepharitis
Staphylococcal Blepharitis
Seborrheic Blepharitis
Demodex Blepharitis
Treatment
References
2: Posterior Blepharitis
Introduction and Definition
Dry Eye Association
Epidemiology and Risk Factors
Hormones
Sex
Age
Medications
Systemic Diseases
Other
Anatomy, Etiology, and Pathogenesis
Pathogenesis
Inflammation
Infection
Growth Factors and Cytokines
Clinical Findings
Symptoms
Complications
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Heat and Mechanical Massage
Thermal Pulsation
Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) Therapy
Mechanical Expression of Meibum
Meibomian Gland Probing
Artificial Tears and Lipid Supplements
Antibiotics
Tea Tree Oil
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Future Horizons
Citations
3: Local and Systemic Associations
Dermatomyositis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Scleroderma
Sjögren’s Syndrome
Sarcoidosis
Rosacea
Seborrhea
Atopic Dermatitis
Ichthyosis
Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Epidermolysis Bullosa
Pemphigus
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
Infectious Diseases
References
4: Diagnostic Tools
Introduction
Definitions and Classification
Pathophysiology
MGD: Background
Clinical Evaluation and Diagnostic Testing
Overview
Patient History
Review of Symptoms (ROS)
Symptom Questionnaires (OSDI, DEQ-5, SPEED)
Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)
Dry Eye Questionnaire 5 (DEQ-5)
Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED)
Blink Rate, Incomplete Blink Rate (IBR), Interblink Interval (IBI), and Maximum Blink Interval (MBI)
Blink Rate
Incomplete Blink Rate
External Facial Exam and Eyelid Position
Eyelid Laxity
Tear Osmolarity
Meibography
Introduction to Meibography
Defining Meiboscopy
Defining Meibography
Grading MGD Using Meibography
The Meiboscore
The Meibograde
Anterior Eye Assessment
Tear Film Assessment
Structure
Lipid Layer Appearance (LLA)
Tear Film Lipid Layer (TFLL)
Non-invasive Tear Breakup Time (NITBUT)
Tear Meniscus Height (TMH)
Tear Volume Testing
Schirmer Testing
Phenol Red Testing
Meibomian Gland Assessment
Overview
Meibomian Gland Expressibility (MGE)
Meibum Quality (MQ)
Corneal Integrity Assessment
Ocular Surface Staining: Corneal and Conjunctival
Invasive Fluorescein Tear Film Breakup Time (IFBUT)
Lid Wiper and Bulbar Conjunctival Integrity Assessment
Inflammatory Mediators
MMP-9 (InflammaDry)
Conclusion
References
5: Sebaceous Carcinoma: Masquerade Syndrome
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Presentation and Tissue Origin
Ocular Adnexal Origin
Meibomian Glands
Glands of Zeiss
Caruncle
Eyebrow
Conjunctiva
Extraocular Sites
Differential Diagnosis
Blepharitis
Chalazion
Conjunctivitis
Keratitis
Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Melanoma
Mucinous Eccrine Adenocarcinoma
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Other Tumors and Inflammatory Conditions
Histopathology
Diagnosis
Muir-Torre Syndrome
Management
Prognosis
Conclusion
Bibliography
6: Medical Management of Blepharitis
Introduction
Eyelid Hygiene
Anterior Blepharitis
Staphylococcal Blepharitis
Seborrheic Blepharitis
Demodicosis
Allergic Blepharitis
Atopic Blepharitis
Posterior Blepharitis
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Rosacea
References
7: Procedural Management
Procedures to Treat Blepharitis
Intraductal Probing of Meibomian Glands
Vectored Thermal Pulsation
LipiFlow
MiBoThermoflo
TearCare
Intense Pulsed Light (IPL)
Microblepharoexfoliation
Surgical Treatment for the Complications of Blepharitis
Chalazia
Steroid Injection
5-FU Injection
Incision and Curettage (I&C)
Trichiasis
Radiofrequency Ablation
Electrolysis
Cryotherapy
Laser
Eyelash Trephination
Lamellar Split
Wedge Resection
Distichiasis
Evaporative Dry Eye
Conclusion
References
8: Blepharitis: Future Directions
Introduction
The Ocular Microbiome
Biomarkers for Disease
Omics and Bio-Data Science
Senescence and Regenerative Medicine
References
Index