Preface
Contents
Part I
Healthcare Systems
Chapter-1
MEDICAL DEVICES DESIGN BASED ON ENVIRONMENT-BASED- DESIGN: A CASE STUDY
1 Introduction
2 Environment-Based Design (EBD)
2.1 Environment Analysis
2.2 Conflict Identification
2.3 Solution Generation
3 Case Study
3.1 Environment Analysis
3.2 Conflict Identification and Solution Generation
4 Conclusion
References
Chapter-2
THE GREAT MIGRATION: INFORMATION CONTENT TO KNOWLEDGE USING COGNITION BASED FRAMEWORKS
1 Introduction
2 Knowledge
3 Context
4 Organization of Knowledge & Context
5 Presentation of Knowledge & Context
6 Representation of Knowledge & Context
7 Frameworks for Knowledge and/or Context
8 Collection of Knowledge & Context
9 Storage of Knowledge and Context
10 Presentation of Knowledge and Context
11 Representation of Knowledge and Context
12 Framework to Enhance Knowledge and Context
13 RNA Flow Diagram
14 RNA Synthesis Sub-processes
15 Discovery
16 Decomposition & Reduction
17 Compare and Contrast
18 Association
19 Normalization
20 Application of RNA to Journal Abstracts
21 Knowledge & Context Foundation Conclusion
22 Frameworks for Knowledge and/or Context Refinement
23 RNA-ACNF Cognitive Coalition
24 Artificial Neural Memories
25 Fuzzy, Semantic, Self-Organizing, Topical Maps (FSSOM)
26 I2A Dialectic Search
References
Chapter-3
DESIGN AND PROCESS DEVELOPMENT FOR SMART PHONE MEDICATION DOSING SUPPORT SYSTEM AND EDUCATIONAL PLATFORM IN HIV/AIDS-TB PROGRAMS IN ZAMBIA
1 Introduction
2 Requirements
2.1 User friendly
2.2 Flexible
2.3 Accessible
2.4 Prepared for additional linkage
3 Functional Requirements
3.1 Stage 1: Provision of educational materials
3.2 Stage 2: Decision support for adult dosing recommendations for HIV and/or TB therapy
3.3 Stage 3: Decision support for pediatric dosing recommendations for HIV and/or TB therapy
3.4 Stage 4: Addition of drug interactions
3.5 Stage 5: Linkage to existing databases and central information repository
4 Looking Ahead
References
Chapter-4
IMAGE-BASED METHODOLOGIES AND THEIR INTEGRATION IN A CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEM FOR MINIMALLY INVASIVE AND ROBOTIC CARDIAC SURGERIES
1 Introduction
1.1 MRI Guidance
2 System Architecture and Methodology
2.1 Imaging system
2.2 Computational Core
2.3 Robotic system
2.4 User Interface
3 Investigated Operation Scenario
4 Conclusion
References
Chapter-5
IMPLEMENTING A TRANSDISCIPLINARY EDUCATION AND RESEARCH PROGRAM
1 Introduction
2 National Healthcare Crisis Driving Healthcare Engineering Demand
2.5 Transdisciplinary Approach to Healthcare Engineering
2.6 Transdisciplinary Education and Research
3 Healthcare Engineering Topics
4 Healthcare Engineering Recommendations advancing Education and Research
5 Proposed Transdisciplinary Healthcare Engineering Program
5.1 Proposed Implementation
6 Conclusion
References
Chapter-6
JIGDFS: A SECURE DISTRIBUTED FILE SYSTEM FOR MEDICAL IMAGE ARCHIVING
1 Introduction
2 Potential Threats and Design Goals
2.1 Potential Threats
2.2 Design Goals
3 Background
3.1 The DICOM Standard
3.2 DCM4CHE DICOM Toolkit and DCM4CHEE DICOM Clinical Data Manager System
3.3 Information Dispersal Algorithm
3.4 Data Secrecy via IDA
3.5 One-way Hashed-key Chain Algorithm
4 The Jigsaw Distributed File System
4.1 Naming
4.2 Node Identification and Discovery
4.3 File Operations
4.3.1 File Write
4.3.2 File Read
4.3.3 File Deletion
4.3.4 File Deletion
4.4 Fault Tolerances and Data Integrity
4.5 Security Analysis
4.6 Security Analysis
5 Building a PACS on JigDFS
6 Conclusion
References
Chapter-7
SEMANTIC MANAGEMENT OF THE SUBMISSION PROCESS FOR MEDICINAL PRODUCTS AUTHORIZATION
1 Introduction
2 The Domain
2.1 Marketing Authorisation Procedures
2.2 Common Technical Document (CTD)
2.3 The transition to electronic CTD (eCTD)
3 The Current Situation
3.1 XML Backbone for eCTD
4 The Problem
4.1 Potential Problems with XML and PDF documents
4.2 Problems with Software Support for eCTD Submission
5 Related Works
6 The Proposal
6.1 Ontology for Storing Semantics of the Submission Documents of the MAA
6.2 Module 2 Class
6.3 Model Implementation
6.4 Object Properties, Restrictions and Necessary and Sufficient Conditions
6.5 Reasoning with SWRL Rules
7 Conclusion
References
Chapter-8
SHARING HEALTHCARE DATA BY MANIPULATING ONTOLOGICAL INDIVIDUALS
2 The Scenario
3 The Translation of Databases
4 Manipulation of Datatype Properties
4.1 Owl Restrictions
5 SWRL Rules and the Results of Manipulation of Ontological Indviduals
6 Conclusion
References
Chapter-9
SHARING CANCER-RELATED GENES RESEARCH RESOURCES ON PEER-TO-PEER NETWORK
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Recognizing Cancer-related Genes based on Transcription Factor Binding Sites
2.2 Recognizing Cancer-related Genes based on Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
2.3 Reliability Verification of Microarray Gene Expression database
2.4 JXTA
2.5 System Architecture
3 Results
4 Conclusions
References
Chapter-10
IHCREAD: AN AUTOMATIC IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY IMAGE ANALYSIS TOOL
1 Introduction
2 Overview of the System
3 Methods
3.1 RGB Color Model
3.2 YIQ Color Model
3.3 Binary Image
3.4 Gray Conversion
3.5 Cancerous/Normal Region Determination
3.6 Protein Density
4 Results
References
Chapter-11
A SYSTEMATIC GENE EXPRESSION EXPLORER TOOL FOR MULTIPLE AND PAIRED CHIPS
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Multiple Chip Analysis
2.2 Paired Chip Analysis
2.3 Pathway Map Analysis
3 Results
4 Conclusions
References
Part II
Technology and Techniques
Chapter-12
ON SOLVING SOME HETEROGENEOUS PROBLEMS OF HEALTHCARE INFORMATION SHARING AND INTEROPERABILITY USING ONTOLOGY COMPUTING
1 Introduction
1.1 Dealing with Clinical Free Text
1.2 Inability of Relational Database in Medical Applications
1.3 Data Heterogeneity Problem
1.4 Sharing and Interoperability among Medical Database Systems
1.5 Semantic Web Service and Healthcare Data Interoperability
2 Related Work
3 Mapping between Relational Database and Ontology
3.1 Sharing and Interoperability among Medical Database Systems
3.2 Transforming a Relational Database to an Ontology
3.2.1 Definition of Relational Database
3.2.2 Learning Rules
3.2.3 Mapping Document Generation
4 Experiments
5 Conclusion
Reference
Chapter-13
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS AND DATA MINING
1 Introduction
2 Data Mining Overview
2.1 The Knowledge Discovery Process
2.2 Data values
2.3 Data types
2.4 Data mining techniques
2.4.1 Classification
2.4.2 Numerical prediction
2.4.3 Association Rules
2.4.4 Clustering
3 Applications of Data Mining to Biomedicine
3.1 Molecular Biology
4 Clinical Data Mining
4.1 Clinical Decision Support
4.2 Subgroup Identification and Classification
4.3 Epidemiology and Biosurveillance
5 Challenges in Clinical Data Mining
6 Conclusion
References
Chapter-14
Image Processing Techniques in Biomedical Engineering
1 Introduction
2 Biomedical Imaging
2.1 Projectional Radiography
2.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
2.3 Nuclear medicine
2.4 Computed Tomography (CT)
2.5 Ultrasound
3 Image Enhancement
3.1 Noise Removal
3.1.1 Mean Filter
3.1.2 Median Filter
3.2 Histogram Transformation
4 Detection of Regions of Interest
4.1 Thresholding
4.2 Edge Detection
4.3 Straight Line Detection
5 Texture Analysis
5.1 Statistical Texture Analysis
5.2 Frequency Domain Texture Analysis
6 Segmentation
6.1 Region Growing
6.1.1 Connected Thresholding
6.1.2 Splitting and Merging
6.2 Level Sets
7 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter-15
Probabilistic techniques in bioengineering
1 Introduction
2 Probabilistic Analysis
2.1 Uncertainty
2.2 Random Variable
2.3 Probability of Injury
2.4 Probabilistic Analysis Method
2.5 Sensitivity analysis
2.6 Probabilistic analysis techniques in bioengineering
3 Conclusion
Reference
Chapter-16
A COMPLETE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG) METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSMENT OF CHRONIC STRESS IN UNEMPLOYMENT
1 Introduction
2 ECG Methodology
2.7 Hardware platform
2.8 Software Application
2.9 Analysis Method
3 Experiment Protocols
4 Results and Analysis
4.1 HRV pattern analysis
4.2 Time domain analysis
4.3 frequency domain analysis
5 Conclusion
References
Chapter-17
Coherence of Gait and Mental Workload
1 Introduction
2 Coherence Tuning
3 Experimental Results
4 Summary and Discussion
References
Chapter-18
EFFICIENT DESIGN OF LDPC CODE FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
1 Introduction
2 Construction and Encoding of LDPC Codes
2.1 QC-LDPC Codes
2.2 Encoding of LDPC Codes
3 LDPC Code for Wireless Sensor Networks
4 Simulation Results
5 Conclusion
References
Chapter-19
TOWARD MULTI-SERVICE ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS STRUCTURE
1 Introduction
Chapter-20
THE NEW HYBRID METHOD FOR CLASSIFICATION OF PATIENTS BY GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.3 Data Sets
2.4 Independent Component Analysis (ICA)
2.5 Kohonen Map (KM)
2.6 KM learning algorithm [Lippmann, 1987]
2.6.1 Distance
2.6.2 Neighborhoods
2.6.3 Weight Updates
2.7 Random Forest
2.8 Bootstrap Idea
2.9 Support Vector Machines (SVMs)
2.10 Results and Discussion
3 Conclusion
References
Chapter-21
NEW MUSCULOSKELETAL JOINT MODELING PARADIGMS
2 A theory of flexible joint modeling
2.11 Centre and principal axes of stiffness
2.12 Axis of rotation as an Eigenvalue problem
3 Results
3.1 Centre of stiffnes and Axis of stiffness
4 Some Experimental Devices to Study Centre of Rotation and the Centre of Stiffness
5 Discussion and Conclusions
References
Chapter-22
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL COMPUTING FOR HEALTH SERVICES SUPPORT
1 Introduction
2 Understanding the effects of Social Computing on Medical Science
3 Brief Description of the Importance of Web 2.0 on Medical Science
4 HScMed Application Prototype
5 Conclusion
References