Biogenic Nanomaterials for Environmental Sustainability: Principles, Practices, and Opportunities (Environmental Science and Engineering)

✍ Scribed by Maulin P. Shah (editor), Navneeta Bharadvaja (editor), Lakhan Kumar (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 501
• Edition: 1st ed. 2024
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Environmental pollution is a worldwide concern now. A major section of the world population is struggling for drinking water. Polluted soil is resulting into low agricultural productivity and thus creating challenges in the way of sustainable livelihood of a large section of human population. Biological treatment can offer both green solutions for wastewater treatment and resource recovery as well. Like algal-based systems can be utilized for wastewater treatment and production of biofuels from the biomass grown on the wastewater. Bio-based nanomaterials have been extensively studied for their employability in the health care, process optimization, water resource management, dealing with environmental pollutants, biosensors, and many others. Bioprospecting of novel biological agents, bio-based products, and bioresource recovery are paving the way for sustainable development as they are providing local solutions for a number of problems.

In this proposed book, we start with the introduction to bio-nanotechnological principles and later on discuss bio-based nanomaterials employability for a diverse range of applications from environment to energy to health care. This book provides with current trends in bio-nanotechnology for anthropogonic purposes, prospects, challenges, and way forward.

✦ Table of Contents

Contents
1 Introduction to Bio-Nanotechnology
1.1 Bionanotechnology
1.2 Major Applications of Nanotechnology in Biotechnology
1.2.1 Diagnostic Applications
1.2.2 Therapeutic Applications of Nanomaterials and Drug Delivery
1.2.3 Nanomaterials in Bioreactors and Energy Storage
1.2.4 Nanomaterials for Environmental Remediation
1.2.5 Nanomaterials in Industries—Food, Oil, Cosmetics, Packaging
1.2.6 Nanozymes, Nanomaterials as Nano-Bio-Catalysts/Enzymes and Additives
1.2.7 Highly Advantageous Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
1.2.8 Nanomaterials in Agriculture Industry
1.3 Challenges and Way Forward
References
2 Biogenic Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Types of Nanoparticles
2.2.1 Metallic Nanoparticles
2.2.2 Liposomes
2.2.3 Micelles
2.2.4 Carbon Nanotubes
2.2.5 Dendrimers
2.2.6 Quantum Dots
2.2.7 Green Nanotechnology
2.2.8 Green Nanomaterial Preparation
2.2.9 Synthesis of Nanoparticles Using Fungi
2.3 Application of Nanomaterials
2.3.1 Diseases Diagnosis and Imaging
2.3.2 Drug Delivery
2.3.3 Cancer Treatment
2.3.4 Cardiovascular Diseases Treatment
2.3.5 Nanotechnology and Agricultural
2.3.6 Nano Fertilizers
2.3.7 Seed Science
2.3.8 Seed Storage
2.3.9 Genetic Manipulation and Crop Improvement
References
3 Synthesis of Biogenic Nanomaterials, Their Characterization, and Applications
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Methods for Nanoparticle Synthesis
3.2.1 Physical Methods
3.2.2 Chemical Methods
3.2.3 Biological Methods
3.3 Conventional and Biogenic Nanomaterials
3.4 Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles
3.5 Biogenic Synthesis of Nanoparticles
3.5.1 Extracellular Synthesis of Biogenic Nanoparticles
3.5.2 Intracellular Synthesis of Biogenic Nanoparticles
3.5.3 Synthesis of Bacteria-Mediated Nanoparticles
3.5.4 Synthesis of Fungi-Mediated Nanoparticles
3.5.5 Synthesis of Actinomycetes-Mediated Nanoparticles
3.5.6 Synthesis of Yeast-Mediated Nanoparticles
3.5.7 Synthesis of Algae-Mediated Nanoparticles
3.5.8 Synthesis of Plant-Mediated Nanoparticles
3.6 Challenges Associated with the Biogenic Synthesis of Nanomaterials
3.6.1 Effect of pH
3.6.2 Effect of Precursor and Reducing Agents Concentration
3.6.3 Effect of Temperature
3.6.4 Effect of Capping Agents
3.7 Characterization of Biogenic Nanoparticles
3.7.1 Topography or Surface Morphology of Nanoparticles
3.7.2 Geometry of Nanoparticles
3.7.3 Surface Charge and Hydrophobicity of Nanoparticles
3.7.4 Other Techniques Used for Characterization
3.8 Applications of Biogenic Nanoparticles
3.8.1 Nanoparticle and Drug Delivery
3.8.2 Nanoparticle and Environment
3.8.3 Nanoparticle and Antimicrobial Activity
3.8.4 Nanoparticle and Anticancer Property
3.8.5 Nanoparticle and Wound Healing
3.9 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
4 Biogenic Synthesis of Nanomaterials Using Diverse Microbial Nano-Factories
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Mechanism
4.2.1 Extracellular Biosynthesis of Nanomaterials
4.2.2 Intracellular Biosynthesis of Nanomaterials
4.3 Strategies for Nanomaterial Synthesis Using Microorganisms
4.3.1 Bacteria-Mediated Synthesis of Nanomaterials- with Cyanobacteria
4.4 Actinomycetes-Mediated Synthesis of Nanomaterials
4.4.1 Metallic Nanomaterials
4.4.2 Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
4.4.3 Non Metallic Nanomaterials
4.5 Yeast-Mediated Synthesis of Nanomaterials
4.5.1 Metallic Nanomaterials
4.5.2 Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
4.5.3 Non Metallic Nanomaterials
4.6 Algae-Mediated Synthesis of Nanomaterials
4.6.1 Metallic Nanomaterials
4.6.2 Metal-Oxide Nanomaterials
4.6.3 Non-metal Nanomaterials
4.7 Fungi-Mediated Synthesis of Nanomaterials
4.7.1 Metallic Nanomaterials
4.7.2 Metal-Oxide Nanomaterials
4.8 Virus-Mediated Synthesis of Nanomaterials
4.9 Developmental Challenges and Future Prospects
4.10 Conclusion
References
5 Environmental Pollutants Remediation Using Phyto-Nanoparticles: An Overview on Synthesis, Characterization, and Remediation Potential
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Phyto-Nanoparticle Synthesis
5.3 Phyto-Nanoparticle Characterization Methods
5.4 Remediation Potential of Phyto-Nanoparticles
5.4.1 Remediation Potential of Phyto-Nanoparticles for Dyes
5.4.2 Remediation Potential of Phyto-Nanoparticles for Heavy Metals
5.4.3 Remediation Potential of Phyto-Nanoparticles for Pharmaceutical Products
5.4.4 Remediation Potential of Phyto-Nanoparticles for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
5.4.5 Remediation Potential of Phyto-Nanoparticles for Biocides
5.5 Conclusion
References
6 Biogenic Synthesis of Nanomaterials: Bioactive Compounds as Reducing, and Capping Agents
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Bioactive Compounds as Reducing and Capping Agents
6.2.1 Gold Nanoparticles
6.2.2 Silver Nanoparticles
6.2.3 Copper Nanoparticles
6.2.4 Iron Nanoparticles
6.3 Conclusion
References
7 Mycofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Biological Applications
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Why We Choose Silver Nanoparticles
7.1.2 Synthetic Versus Mycofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles
7.2 Mycofabrication of Silver Nano Particles
7.2.1 Optimization of Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis
7.2.2 Effect of pH
7.2.3 Effect on Tempreture
7.2.4 Effect of AgNO3 Concentration
7.2.5 Extracelluar Production of Silver Nanoparticles
7.2.6 Characteristics of Silver Nanoparticles
7.3 Applications
7.3.1 Waste Water Treatment
7.4 Nanoscale Silver for Bone Mending
7.4.1 Biomedical Application
7.4.2 Health Application
7.5 Conclusion
References
8 Mycosynthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Application in Medicine
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Antimicrobial Application of Myconanoparticles
8.3 Antibacterial Activity of Myconanoparticles
8.4 Antibacterial Mechanisms of Nanoparticles
8.5 Oxidative Stress
8.6 Dissolved Metal Ions
8.7 Non-oxidative Mechanisms
8.8 Interactions of Nanoparticles with Cell Membrane
8.9 Regulation of Expression of Metabolic Gene by Nanoparticles
8.10 Inhibition of Formation of Biofilms by Nanoparticles
8.10.1 Critical Factors Affecting the Antimicrobial Mechanism of Metal Ions
8.11 Doping Modification
8.12 Roughness
8.13 Zeta Potential
8.14 Environmental Conditions
8.15 Capping and Stabilisation of Nanoparticles
8.16 Antibacterial Applications
8.17 Nanoparticles Coated Implantable Device
8.18 Wound Dressings
8.19 Bone Cement
8.20 Dental Materials
8.21 Antibiotic Delivery System
8.22 Antifungal Activity of Myconanoparticles
8.23 Antiviral Activity Ofmyconanoparticles
8.24 Conclusion
References
9 “Nanomaterials Induced Cell Disruption: An Insight into Mechanism”
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Introduction to Cell Types
9.2.1 Cellular Barriers
9.3 Cell Disruption
9.3.1 Importance of Cell Disruption
9.4 Types of Cell Disruption Methods
9.4.1 Mechanical Methods of Cell Lysis
9.4.2 Non-mechanical Methods of Cell Lysis
9.4.3 Single Cell Lysis Method
9.5 Nanoparticle Induced Cell Disruption
9.5.1 Unique Properties of Nanoparticles
9.6 Interaction of Nanoparticles with Cells
9.7 Mechanism of Nanomaterials Induced Cell Disruption
9.7.1 Factors Affecting Nanomaterials Induced Cell Disruption
9.8 Current Trends for Nanomaterials-Induced Cell Disruption
9.9 Conclusion
References
10 Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Mechanism and Environmental Applications
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Bacteriogenic ZnONPs
10.3 Fungi
10.4 Algae
10.5 Plant
10.6 Mechanism of Microorganism Mediated Synthesis of ZnONPs
10.6.1 Intracellular Microbial Synthesis
10.6.2 Extracellular Microbial Synthesis
10.6.3 Effect of Optimization on the Synthesis of NPs
10.7 Mechanism of Plant-Mediated Synthesis of ZnONPs
10.8 Mechanism Behind the Degradation of Pollutants by ZnONPs
10.9 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
11 Nanomaterials Prone Cell Leakiness: A Mechanistic Approach
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Mechanisms of Nanotoxicity
11.2.1 Fenton-Like Reaction
11.2.2 Surface Plasmon Resonance Enhancement
11.2.3 Effects of NMs on Cells via Increased ROS Production
11.3 Oxidative Stress
11.4 Overview of Nanotoxicity
11.4.1 Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity
11.5 Physiochemical Characteristics of Nanoparticles and Their Impact on Toxicity
11.5.1 Effect of Size
11.5.2 Effect of Particle Shape
11.5.3 Effect of Surface Charge
11.5.4 Effect of Composition and Aggregation
11.5.5 Effect of Medium and Purity
11.6 Limitations
11.7 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
12 Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery: Application of Polysaccharides and Protein-Based Nanomaterials in Modern Drug Delivery
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Liposome Mediated Drug Delivery
12.1.2 Transdermal Drug Delivery
12.1.3 Microemulsion Drug Delivery System
12.2 Challenges in Drug Delivery
12.2.1 Nano-Based Drug Delivery
12.3 Different Types of Nano Carrier
12.3.1 Nano Micelle
12.3.2 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
12.3.3 Dendrimers
12.3.4 Nanoliposomes
12.3.5 Nano Capsule
12.3.6 Nanospheres
12.3.7 Nanogel
12.3.8 Drug Phospholipid Complex
12.3.9 Nano Emulsion
12.4 Polymer Based Nano Carriers
12.5 Methods of Polymeric-Nanoparticles Synthesis
12.5.1 Procedures of Polymeric Nanoparticles Formation
12.5.2 Polymerization of Formed Nanoparticles
12.6 Polysaccharides Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery
12.6.1 Classification of Polysaccharides Based on Their Varying Sources
12.7 Protein Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery
12.7.1 Albumins
12.7.2 Globulins
12.7.3 Prolamins
12.7.4 Elastin
12.7.5 Protamines
12.7.6 Casein
12.7.7 Gelatin
12.7.8 Silk-Fibroin
12.8 Conclusion
References
13 Recent Advancements in the Application of Nanomaterial in Modern Drug Delivery and Future Perspective
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Nanomaterial Based Drug Delivery System
13.3 Basic Principle and Mechanism of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery
13.3.1 Drug Delivery Strategies Using Nanostructures
13.4 Nanomaterials Used in Drug Delivery
13.4.1 Organic and Polymer Based Nanocarrier
13.4.2 Inorganic Nanoparticle as Drug Carrier
13.5 Clinical Development and Approved Nano Medicines
13.5.1 Cancer Therapy
13.5.2 Diagnostic Testing
13.5.3 Nutraceuticals Delivery
13.5.4 Clinical Approvals and Market Status of Nano Medicines
13.6 Advantages of Nanomaterial for Drug Delivery
13.7 Toxicity and Hazards of Nanoparticles
13.7.1 Nanoparticle Toxicity Evidence
13.7.2 Toxicological Effects of Nanoparticles
13.8 Challenges and Future Scope
References
14 Role of Nanotechnology in Medicine: Opportunities and Challenges
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 History of Nanotechnology
14.1.2 Classification of Nanomaterials
14.1.3 Classification Based on the Source of Origin
14.2 Synthesis of Nanomaterial
14.2.1 Synthesis of Nanomaterial
14.2.2 Application of Nanotechnology in Medicine
14.2.3 Medical Diagnostics
14.2.4 Clinical Therapy and Drug Delivery Systems
14.2.5 Tissue Growth and Regenerative Medicine
14.2.6 Bioseparation
14.3 Opportunities and Challenges of Nanotechnology
14.3.1 Opportunities
14.3.2 Challenges for Nanotechnology
14.4 Conclusion
References
15 Smart Targeted-Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapeutics
15.1 Nanoparticles
15.2 Surface Ligands
15.2.1 Proteins
15.2.2 Antibodies and Antibodies Fragments
15.2.3 Aptamers
15.2.4 Peptides
15.2.5 Small Molecules
15.3 Strategies for Conjugating Functional Ligands into NPs
15.3.1 Covalent Conjugation
15.3.2 Non-Covalent Conjugation
15.4 Overview of Smart Nanoparticles on Clinical Context
15.5 Challenges and Future Steps
References
16 Biogenic Nanomaterials as a Catalyst for Photocatalytic Dye Degradation
16.1 Introduction of Biogenic Nanomaterials as a Catalyst for Photocatalytic Dye Degradation
16.2 Dye Generated by Various Industries
16.3 Drawbacks
16.4 Biogenic Versus Conventional Nanomaterials
16.5 The General Process for the Synthesis of Biogenic Nanoparticles
16.6 Gold Nanoparticles
16.7 Silver Nanoparticles
16.8 Iron and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
16.9 Mechanism for Degradation of Organic Dyes Using Nanoparticles
16.10 Photocatalytic Application Biogenic Nanomaterials: Degradation of Organic Contaminant
16.11 Organic Effluent
16.12 Rhodamine B: Triphenylmethane
16.13 Photocatalytic Application Biogenic Nanomaterials: Inactivation of Microorganism
16.14 Types of Nanomaterials Used as Catalysts for Photocatalytic Dye Degradation
16.14.1 Catalysts in AOPs for Removal of Dye from the Food and Chemicals Industry
16.15 Nanocatalysts
16.16 Metal Oxide-Based Nanocatalysts
16.17 Metals Organic Frameworks Synthesized with Nanocomposite
16.18 Nanomaterials Materials Synthesized by Green Technologies
16.19 Advanced Method for Dye Degradation Using Biogenic Nanoparticle
16.20 Conclusion and Prospects
References
17 Biogenic Metal Based Nanomaterials as Antimicrobial Agents
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Synthesis of Biogenic Nanomaterials
17.3 Biogenic Nanomaterials as Anti-microbial Agents and Their Morphology
17.3.1 Silver Nanoparticles
17.3.2 Gold Nanoparticles
17.3.3 Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
17.4 Conclusion
References
18 Biogenic Nanomaterials as Adsorbents for Mercury Remediation
18.1 Introduction
18.1.1 Background Information
18.1.2 Toxicity of Mercury
18.1.3 Occurrence and Fate of Hg in the Environment
18.1.4 Mercury Remediation Strategies
18.1.5 Conventional Adsorbents Used for Mercury Remediation
18.2 Biogenic Nanomaterials
18.2.1 Synthesis
18.2.2 Characterization
18.2.3 Mechanism of Adsorption
18.2.4 Factors Affecting Synthesis and Adsorption
18.2.5 Application of Biogenic Nanoparticles for Mercury Remediation
18.2.6 Challenges and Opportunities of Biogenic Nanomaterials
18.3 Conclusion and Future Recommendation
References
19 The Occurrence, Effect and Biodegradation of Antibiotics Using Metallic Biogenic Nanomaterials in Water
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Effects of Antibiotics on Aquatic Organisms
19.3 Occurrence of Antibiotics in Water
19.4 Degradation of Antibiotics in Water
19.4.1 Ozonation or Catalytic Ozonation
19.4.2 Electrochemical Oxidation
19.4.3 Fenton Oxidation
19.4.4 Ionizing Radiation
19.4.5 Photocatalytic Oxidation
19.4.6 Non-Thermal Plasma (NTP)
19.5 Biogenic Nanoparticles and Wastewater Treatment
19.5.1 Application of Biogenic Nanoparticles in Wastewater
19.5.2 Metallic Nanoparticles Produced Using Environmentally Friendly Methods and Their Impact on Harmful Microbes
19.6 Conclusion
References
20 Biogenic Silver Nanoparticle and Their Applications
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Biogenic Ag-Nps Synthesis
20.2.1 Plant Mediated Ag-NPs Synthesis
20.2.2 Bacterial Mediated Ag-NPs Synthesis
20.2.3 Fungal Mediated Ag-NPs Synthesis
20.2.4 Algal Mediated Ag-NPs Synthesis
20.3 Applications of Ag-Nps
20.3.1 Ag-NPs as Antimicrobial Agents
20.3.2 Ag-NPs Mediated Heavy Metal Remediation
20.3.3 Ag-NPs Mediated Dye Degradation
20.4 Conclusion
References