Biodiesel production from Palm oil using calcined waste animal bone as catalyst

✍ Scribed by Asir Obadiah; Gnanadurai Ajji Swaroopa; Samuel Vasanth Kumar; Kenthorai Raman Jeganathan; Alagunambi Ramasubbu

• Book ID: 116315418
• Publisher: Elsevier Science
• Year: 2012
• Tongue: English
• Weight: 357 KB
• Volume: 116
• Category: Article
• ISSN: 0960-8524
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.112

✦ Synopsis

Waste animal bones was employed as a cost effective catalyst for the transesterification of palm oil. The catalyst was calcined at different temperatures to transform the calcium phosphate in the bones to hydroxyapatite and 800 °C was found to give the best yield of biodiesel. The catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). Under the optimal reaction conditions of 20 wt.% of catalyst, 1:18 oil to methanol molar ratio, 200 rpm of stirring of reactants and at a temperature of 65 °C, the methyl ester conversion was 96.78% and it was achieved in 4 h. The catalyst performed equally well as the laboratory-grade CaO. Animal bone is therefore a useful raw material for the production of a cheap catalyst for transesterification.