Front matter
Contents
Preface
Arabic Documents from Nubia for index 22 Apr
1. Preliminaries 21 Apr.pdf
1. Introduction
2. The Arabic Documents from Qaṣr Ibrīm
2.1. The Site of Qaṣr Ibrīm
2.2. The Arabic Papyrus
2.3. Medieval Scrolls
2.4. Documents from the Ottoman Period
2.5. The Medieval Documents Published in this Volume
2.5.1. Preliminary Remarks
2.5.2. Numbering Systems16F
2.5.3. Provenance of the Documents17F
2.5.3.1. 1966
2.5.3.2. 1974
2.5.3.3. 1978
2.5.4. Overview of the Content of the Documents
3. The Correspondence with Eparchs
3.1. Preliminary Remarks
3.2. The Eparchs
3.2.1. Uruwī
3.2.2. Darmā
3.2.3. Īsū
3.3. Titles of the Eparchs
3.4. The Correspondents with the Eparch
3.5. The Content of the Correspondence with the Eparch
3.5.1. Courtesy and Equality
3.5.2. Request for Protection
3.5.3. Permission to Leave Nubia Safely
3.5.4. Protection of Property
3.5.5. Communications with the Nubian King
3.5.6. Trade
3.5.7. Complaints
3.5.8. Political Events
3.6. The Structure of the Letters
3.6.1. Opening
3.6.2. Closure
3.6.2.1. Offer of Service in Return for a Request
3.6.2.2. Request for the Sending of News
3.6.2.3. Sending of Greetings
3.6.2.4. Closure Formulas
3.6.3. Postscripts
4. Other Correspondence and Accounts
4.1. Correspondents
4.2. Overview of Subject Matter
4.3. Relations with the Nubian King
4.4. Grain for Nubians
4.5. Trade
4.6. The Structure of the Letters
4.6.1. Opening
4.6.2. Closure
5. Legal Documents
5.1. Document 44: Lease of Land (Rajab 518 AH/August 1124 AD)44F
5.2. Document 45: Lease of a Boat (566 AH/1170 AD)
5.3. Document 46 Recto: Document of Testimony
5.4. Document 46 Verso: Document of Sale
5.5. Document 47: An Acknowledgement of a Debt and Testimonies
5.6. Document 48 Recto: Marriage Contract (23rd Rabīʿ I 484 AH/15th May 1091)48F
5.7. Document 48 Verso: Acknowledgement (21st Šaʿbān 516 AH/25th October, 1122 AD)
5.8. Document 49 Recto: Document concerning Division of Property after Divorce (Muḥarram 429 AH/October–November 1037 AD)
5.9. Document 49 Verso: Court Record relating to Divorce
5.10. Document 50: Acknowledgement relating to Divorce (15th Jumādā II 430 AH/14th March 1039 AD)
5.11. Document 51 Recto: Marriage Contract (Ṣafar 432 AH/October 1040 AD)
5.12. Document 51 Verso: Testimony (Ḏū al-Ḥijja 432 AH/August 1041 AD)
5.13. Document 52: Court Record relating to Marriage
5.14. Document 53: Letter relating to a Marital Dispute
6. Coinage
7. Taxes
8. Lists of Commodities
8.1. Arabic–English
8.2. English–Arabic
9. Titles of Officials
9.1. Sulṭān
9.2. Wazīr
9.3. ʾAmīr
9.4. Šadīd, Šādd
9.5. Šarīf
9.6. Mutawallī
9.7. Wālī
9.8. Wulāh
9.9. Qāʾid
9.10. Nāʾib
9.11. Ḵalīfa
9.12. Ṣāḥib al-Sawārī
9.13. Simsār
9.14. Kātib
9.15. ʾUsquf
9.18. Ṣāḥib al-Ḥarba
9.19. Muʿaddī
9.20. Qāḍī
9.21. Raʾīs/Rayīs
9.22. Šarīk
10. Slaves and Servants
10.1. Raqīq, Riqq
10.2. Waṣīf (m.), Waṣīfa (f.)
10.3. Ġulām
10.4. Jāriya
10.5. ʿAbd
10.6. Ḵādim
10.7. Mamlūk
10.8. Mawlā
10.9. Rasūl
10.10. Mutaḥammil
11. The Socio-Economic Situation Reflected by the Documents
12. Script and Layout
12.1. Preliminary Remarks
12.2. Cursive Tendencies
12.3. Writing Line
12.4. Line Spacing
12.5. Width of the Document
12.6. Thickness of the Pen
12.7. Margins
12.8. Text on the Verso
13. Language
13.1. Phonology and Orthography
13.1.1. Loss of Interdental Consonants
13.1.2. Tafḵīm
13.1.3. Devoicing
13.1.4. Loss of hamza
13.1.5. Shortening of a Final Long Vowel
13.1.6. Assimilation to a Cliticised Prepositional Phrase
13.1.7. Final yāʾ Written for Final ʾalif
13.1.8. Non-Classical Plene Orthography
13.1.9. Two ʾalifs Represent Word-Initial ʾā
13.1.10. Interchange of ḍād and ẓāʾ
13.2. Morphology
13.2.1. Interrogative Pronoun ʾayš
13.2.2. Morphology of Fifth Form Verbs
13.2.3. Particle
13.3. Syntax
13.3.1. Independent Genitive Exponent
13.3.2. Non-Classical Usages of the Negator lam
13.3.3. Non-Classical Usage of First Person Pronouns
13.4. Lexical Items
14. Maps
2. Documents and Translations 21 Apr.pdf
Documents and translations
Method of Editing
1 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
2 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Verso
Address, Left Column
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
3 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Verso
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
4 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Verso
Address, Right Column
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
5 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Margin
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
6 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
7 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
Text
Recto
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Translation
Recto
Verso
Address
8 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
Text
Recto
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Translation
Recto
Verso
Address
9 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Verso
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
10 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
11 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
12 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
13 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Margin
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Verso
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Margin
Address
14 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
Text
Recto
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Translation
Recto
Verso
Address
15 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Verso
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
16 Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
Text
Recto
Top Margin
Verso
Postscript
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Translation
Recto
Top Margin
Verso
Postscript
Address
17 Letter from the Eparch Uruwī
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
18 Letter from the Eparch Uruwī
Text
Recto
Verso
Textual Notes
Recto
Translation
Recto
Verso
19 Letter to the Eparch Īsū
Text
Recto
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Verso
Address
Translation
Recto
Verso
Address
20 Letter to the Eparch Īsū
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Verso
Address, Right Column
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
21 Letter to an Eparch
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Margin
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
22 Letter to an Eparch
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Verso
Address
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
23 Letter to an Eparch
Text
Recto
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Translation
Recto
Verso
Address
24 Letter to an Eparch
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Margin
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Verso
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Margin
Address
25 Letter to an Eparch
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Textual Notes
Recto
Verso
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
26 Letter to al-Bazīl, the Deputy of the Eparch Darmā
Text
Recto
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Translation
Recto
Verso
Address
27 Letter to the Secretary of the Eparch Uruwī
Text
Recto
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Verso
Address, Left Column
Translation
Recto
Verso
Address
28 Letter to a Commander
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
29 Letter to a Commander
Text
Recto
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Verso
Address, Left Column
Translation
Recto
Verso
Address
30 Letter to a Dignitary
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Margin
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Verso
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Margin
Address
31 Letter to a Dignitary
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Margin
Textual Notes
Recto
Margin
Verso
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Margin
32 Letter to a Dignitary
Text
Textual Notes
Translation
33 Letter to a Dignitary
Text
Margin
Textual Notes
Translation
Margin
34 Letter to a Dignitary
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Verso
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
35 Letter
Text
Recto
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Verso
Address
Translation
Recto
Verso
Address
36 Letter
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
37 Letter
Text
Recto
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Verso
Translation
Recto
Verso
Address
38 Letter
Text
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address, Right Column
Translation
Recto
Margin
Verso
Address
39 Letter
Text
Recto
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Translation
Recto
Verso
Address
40 Letter
Text
Translation
41 Poem of a Traveller
Text
Margin
Textual Notes
Translation73F
Margin
42 Account
Text
Recto
Right Piece
Middle Piece
Left Piece
Verso
Right Piece
Middle Piece
Left Piece
Textual Notes
Recto
Middle Piece
Translation
Recto
Right Piece
Middle Piece
Left Piece
Verso
Right Piece
Middle Piece
Left Piece
43 Account
Text
Recto
Right Column
Middle Column
Left Column
Verso
Translation
Recto
Right Column
Middle Column
Left Column
Verso
44 Lease of Land (Rajab 518 AH/ August 1124 AD)
Text
Textual Notes
Translation
45 Lease of a Boat (566 AH/1170 AD)
Text
Witness Clauses
Textual Notes
Witness Clauses
Translation
Witness Clauses
46 Document of Testimony and Document of Sale
Recto: Document of Testimony
Text
Witness Clauses
Margin
Textual Notes
Margin
Translation
Witness Clauses
Margin
Verso: Document of Sale (Rajab 535 AH/February 1141 AD)
Text
Witness Clauses
Textual Notes
Witness Clauses
Translation
Witness Clauses
47 An Acknowledgement of a Debt and Testimonies
Recto: Acknowledgement (Ramaḍān 515 AH/November 1121 AD)
Text
Witness Clauses
Textual Notes
Translation
Witness Clauses
Verso: Testimonies (Šawwāl 516 AH/December 1122 AD)
Text
Textual Notes
Translation
48 Marriage Contract and Acknowledgement
Recto: Marriage Contract (23rd Rabīʿ I 484 AH/15th May 1091 AD)
Text
Witness Clauses
Textual Notes
Translation
Witness Clauses
Verso: Acknowledgement (21st Šaʿbān 516 AH/25th October 1122 AD)
Text
Witness Clauses
Translation
Witness Clauses
49 Documents relating to Divorce
Recto: Document concerning Division of Property after Divorce (Muḥarram 429 AH/October–November 1037 AD)
Text
Witness Clause
Textual Notes
Translation
Witness Clause
Verso: Court Document relating to Divorce
Text
Textual Notes
Translation
50 Acknowledgement relating to Divorce (15th Jumādā II 430 AH/ 14th March 1039 AH)
Text
Translation
51 Marriage Contract and Testimony
Recto: Marriage Contract (Ṣafar 432 AH/October 1040 AD)
Text
Witness Clauses
Textual Notes
Translation
Witness Clauses
Verso: Testimony (Ḏū al-Ḥijja 432 AH/August 1041 AD)
Text
Textual Notes
Translation
52 Court Record relating to Marriage
Text
Witness Clauses
Translation
Witness Clauses
53 Letter relating to a Marital Dispute
Text
Recto
Upper Margin
Verso
Address
Textual Notes
Recto
Verso
Address, Left Column
Translation
Recto
Upper Margin
Verso
Address
References
References
Abbreviations
Primary Sources
Dictionaries
Secondary Sources
Indices
IndICes
Names of People (Referenced by Text and Line Number)
Names of Places (Referenced by Text and Line Number)
General Index (Referenced by Page Number)
Inventory of Documents
Edition number: 1 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
Edition number: 2 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
Edition number: 3 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
Edition number: 4 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
Edition number: 5 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
Edition number: 6 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
Edition number: 7 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
Edition number: 8 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
Edition number: 9 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
Edition number: 10 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
Edition number: 11 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
Edition number: 12 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
Edition number: 13 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
Edition number: 14 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
Edition number: 15 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
Edition number: 16 (Letter to the Eparch Uruwī)
Edition number: 17 (Letter from the Eparch Uruwī)
Edition number: 18 (Letter from the Eparch Uruwī ?)
Edition number: 19 (Letter to the Eparch Īsū)
Edition number: 20 (Letter to the Eparch Īsū)
Edition number: 21 (Letter to an Eparch)
Edition number: 22 (Letter to an Eparch)
Edition number: 23 (Letter to an Eparch)
Edition number: 24 (Letter to an Eparch)
Edition number: 25 (Letter to an Eparch)
Edition number: 26 (Letter to al-Bazīl, the Deputy of the Eparch Darmā)
Edition number: 27 (Letter to the Secretary of the Eparch Uruwī)
Edition number: 28 (Letter to a Commander)
Edition number: 29 (Letter to a Commander)
Edition number: 30 (Letter to a Dignitary)
Edition number: 31 (Letter to a Dignitary)
Edition number: 32 (Letter to a Dignitary)
Edition number: 33 (Letter to a Dignitary)
Edition number: 34 (Letter to a Dignitary)
Edition number: 35 (Letter)
Edition number: 36 (Letter)
Edition number: 37 (Letter)
Edition number: 38 (Letter)
Edition number: 39 (Letter)
Edition number: 40 (Letter)
Edition number: 41 (Poem of a Traveller)
Edition number: 42 (Account)
Edition number: 43 (Account)
Edition number: 44 (Lease of Land)
Edition number: 45 (Lease of a Boat)
Edition number: 46 (Document of Testimony and Document of Sale)
Edition number: 47 (An Acknowledgement of a Debt and Testimonies)
Edition number: 48 (Marriage Contract and Acknowledgement)
Edition number: 49 (Documents relating to Divorce)
Edition number: 50 (Acknowledgement relating to Divorce)
Edition number: 51 (Marriage Contract and Testimony)
Edition number: 52 (Court Record relating to Marriage)
Edition number: 53 (Letter relating to a Marital Dispute)
Plates
Plates
1 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
1 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
2 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
2 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
2 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
2 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
3 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
3 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
3 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
4 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
4 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
4 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
5 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
5 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
5 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
6 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
6 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
7 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
7 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
8 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
8 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
8 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
9 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
9 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
9 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
9 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
9 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
10 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
10 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
11 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
11 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
12 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
12 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
12 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
13 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
13 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
13 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
14 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
14 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
15 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
15 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
15 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
16 recto: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
16 verso: Letter to the Eparch Uruwī
17 recto: Letter from the Eparch Uruwī
17 verso: Letter from the Eparch Uruwī
17 verso: Letter from the Eparch Uruwī
18 recto: Letter from the Eparch Uruwī (?)
18 verso: Letter from the Eparch Uruwī (?)
19 recto: Letter to the Eparch Īsū
19 verso: Letter to the Eparch Īsū
20 recto: Letter to the Eparch Īsū
20 verso: Letter to the Eparch Īsū
20 verso: Letter to the Eparch Īsū
21 recto: Letter to an Eparch
21 recto: Letter to an Eparch
21 verso: Letter to an Eparch
22 recto: Letter to an Eparch
22 recto: Letter to an Eparch
22 verso: Letter to an Eparch
23 recto: Letter to an Eparch
23 verso: Letter to an Eparch
24 recto: Letter to an Eparch
24 verso: Letter to an Eparch
25 recto: Letter to an Eparch
25 verso: Letter to an Eparch
26 recto: Letter to al-Bazīl, the Deputy of the Eparch Darmā
26 recto: Letter to al-Bazīl, the Deputy of the Eparch Darmā
26 verso: Letter to al-Bazīl, the Deputy of the Eparch Darmā
27 recto: Letter to the Secretary of the Eparch Uruwī
27 verso: Letter to the Secretary of the Eparch Uruwī
27 verso: Letter to the Secretary of the Eparch Uruwī
28 recto: Letter to a Commander
28 verso: Letter to a Commander
29 recto: Letter to a Commander
29 verso: Letter to a Commander
29 verso: Letter to a Commander
30 recto: Letter to a Dignitary
30 verso: Letter to a Dignitary
30 verso: Letter to a Dignitary
31 recto: Letter to a Dignitary
31 verso: Letter to a Dignitary
32: Letter to a Dignitary
33: Letter to a Dignitary
34 recto: Letter to a Dignitary
34 verso: Letter to a Dignitary
34 verso: Letter to a Dignitary
35 recto: Letter
35 verso: Letter
36 recto: Letter
36 verso: Letter
36 verso: Letter
37 recto: Letter
37 verso: Letter
37 verso: Letter
38 recto: Letter
38 verso: Letter
39 recto: Letter
39 verso: Letter
39 verso: Letter
40: Letter
41: Poem of a Traveller
42 recto: Account
42 verso: Account
43 recto: Account
43 verso: Account
44: Lease of Land
45: Lease of a Boat
45: Lease of a Boat
46 recto: Document of Testimony
46 recto: Document of Testimony
46 recto: Document of Testimony
46 verso: Document of Sale
46 verso: Document of Sale
46 verso: Document of Sale
47 recto: Acknowledgement
47 verso: Testimonies
48 recto: Marriage Contract
48 recto: Marriage Contract
48 recto: Marriage Contract
48 recto: Marriage Contract
48 verso: Acknowledgement
48 verso: Acknowledgement
49 recto: Document concerning Division of Property after Divorce
49 verso: Court Document relating to Divorce
50: Acknowledgement relating to Divorce
51 recto: Marriage Contract
51 verso: Testimony
52: Court Record relating to Marriage
53 recto: Letter relating to a Marital Dispute
53 verso: Letter relating to a Marital Dispute
53 verso: Letter relating to a Marital Dispute
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