𝔖 Bobbio Scriptorium
✦   LIBER   ✦

Apparent cyclophosphamide (cytoxan) embryopathy: A distinct phenotype?

✍ Scribed by Enns, Gregory M.; Roeder, Elizabeth; Chan, Ruth T.; Ali-Khan Catts, Zohra; Cox, Victoria A.; Golabi, Mahin


Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
1999
Tongue
English
Weight
26 KB
Volume
86
Category
Article
ISSN
0148-7299
DOI
10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990917)86:3<237::aid-ajmg8>3.0.co;2-v

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis


Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an alkylating agent widely used in treating cancer and autoimmune disease. CP is classified as a pregnancy risk factor D drug and is teratogenic in animals, but population studies have not conclusively demonstrated teratogenicity in humans. Six isolated reports of prenatally exposed infants with various congenital anomalies exist, but to date no specific phenotype has been delineated. The purpose of this report is to document a new case of in utero CP exposure with multiple congenital anomalies and to establish an apparent CP embryopathy phenotype. The mother had systemic lupus erythematosus and cyclophosphamide exposure in the first trimester. She also took nifedipine, atenolol, clonidine, prednisone, aspirin, and potassium chloride throughout pregnancy. The infant had growth retardation and multiple anomalies including microbrachycephaly, coronal craniosynostosis, hypotelorism, shallow orbits, proptosis, blepharophimosis, small, abnormal ears, unilateral preauricular pit, broad, flat nasal bridge, microstomia, high-arched palate, micrognathia, preaxial upper limb and postaxial lower limb defects consisting of hypoplastic thumbs, and bilateral absence of the 4th and 5th toes. Chromosomes were apparently normal. The reported cases of in utero exposure to cyclosposphamide shared the following manifestations with our patient: growth deficiency, developmental delay, craniosynostosis, blepharophimosis, flat nasal bridge, abnormal ears, and distal limb defects including hypoplastic thumbs and oligodactyly. We conclude that (a) cyclophosphamide is a human teratogen, (b) a distinct phenotype exists, and (c) the safety of CP in pregnancy is in serious question.


πŸ“œ SIMILAR VOLUMES


Methimazole embryopathy: Delineation of
✍ Clementi, Maurizio; Di Gianantonio, Elena; Pelo, Elisabetta; Mammi, Isabella; Ba πŸ“‚ Article πŸ“… 1999 πŸ› John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English βš– 22 KB πŸ‘ 2 views

We report on a further case of congenital anomalies in a child exposed to methimazole during the first trimester of pregnancy (from first to seventh gestational week), and define a specific malformation pattern related to prenatal methimazole exposure and consisting of choanal and esophageal atresia

Genotype, molecular phenotype, and cogni
✍ Kaufmann, Walter E.; Abrams, Michael T.; Chen, Wilma; Reiss, Allan L. πŸ“‚ Article πŸ“… 1999 πŸ› John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English βš– 42 KB πŸ‘ 2 views

The study of the neurobehavioral consequences of mutations of FMR1, the gene responsible for fragile X syndrome (FraX), has been based largely on correlations between mutation patterns and cognitive profile. Following the characterization of FMRP, the FMR1 gene product, preliminary correlations betw

cover
✍ Graham, Heather πŸ“‚ Fiction πŸ“… 2012 πŸ› harlequin 🌐 French βš– 221 KB πŸ‘ 2 views

A la mort de sa grand-mère bien-aimée, Christina Hardy décide de revenir à Orlando pour mener une vie paisible dans la maison de son enfance. Mais quelques jours après son arrivée, elle est brutalement confrontée à une étrange vision, celle d'un homme abattu quinze ans plus tôt, Beau Kidd, le meurtr

Vitamin K deficiency embryopathy
✍ Van Kien, Philippe Khau; Nivelon-Chevallier, Annie; Spagnolo, Gilles; Douvier, S πŸ“‚ Article πŸ“… 1998 πŸ› John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English βš– 10 KB πŸ‘ 1 views

deficiency embryopathy due to a disorder of embryonic vitamin K metabolism.

cover
✍ Piers Anthony πŸ“‚ Fiction πŸ“… 2009;2008 πŸ› Macmillan;Tor Fantasy 🌐 English βš– 183 KB πŸ‘ 2 views

The mysterious disappearance of the Good Magician Humfrey's son Hugo sends a diverse group of characters off on a dangerous and madcap pair of parallel quests.