𝔖 Bobbio Scriptorium
✦   LIBER   ✦

Antiviral effect of nicotinamide on enterovirus-infected human islets in vitro: Effect on virus replication and chemokine secretion

✍ Scribed by Annika Moëll; Oskar Skog; Erik Åhlin; Olle Korsgren; Gun Frisk

Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
2009
Tongue
English
Weight
148 KB
Volume
81
Category
Article
ISSN
0146-6615

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by the selective destruction of insulin‐producing cells in the pancreas. Enterovirus (EV) is the prime candidate to initiate this destruction and several inflammatory chemokines are induced by EV infection. Nicotinamide has been shown to protect isolated human islets, and to modulate chemokine expression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nicotinamide on EV replication and EV‐induced chemokine secretion and cytolysis of human islets. Two EV strains were used to infect human islets in vitro, one lytic (Adrian) isolated from a child at onset of type 1 diabetes, and one non‐lytic (VD2921). Secretion of the chemokines IP‐10 and MCP‐1, viral replication, and virus‐induced cytopathic effect (CPE), were measured at different time points post‐infection. Addition of nicotinamide to the culture medium reduced viral replication and virus‐induced islet destruction/CPE, significantly. Both EV strains increased secretion of IP‐10 and MCP‐1, when measured days 2–3, and days 5–7 post infection, compared to mock‐infected control islets. IP‐10 was not produced by uninfected isolated islets, whereas a basal secretion of MCP‐1 was detected. Interestingly, addition of nicotinamide blocked completely (Adrian), or reduced significantly (VD2921), the virus‐induced secretion of IP‐10. Secretion of MCP‐1 was also reduced in the presence of nicotinamide, from infected and uninfected islets. The reported antiviral effects of nicotinamide could have implications for the treatment/prevention of virus‐ and immune‐mediated disease. Also, this study highlights a possible mechanism of virus‐induced type 1 diabetes through the induction of MCP‐1 and IP‐10 in pancreatic islets. J. Med. Virol. 81:1082–1087, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

📜 SIMILAR VOLUMES

Effect of duration of hepatitis B virus
Effect of duration of hepatitis B virus infection on the association between human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and hepatitis B viral replication
✍ Beryl A. Koblin; Patricia E. Taylor; Pablo Rubinstein; Cladd E. Stevens 📂 Article 📅 1992 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English ⚖ 350 KB 👁 2 views

This study examined the effect of duration of hepatitis B virus infection on the association between human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection and hepatitis B viral replication. Twenty-five chronic HBsAg carriers were studied. Presence of hepatitis B virus DNA and expression of HBeAg were more f

Characterization of the effects of hepat
Characterization of the effects of hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A protein expression in human cell lines and on interferon-sensitive virus replication
✍ Stephen J. Polyak; Denise M. Paschal; Susan McArdle; Michael J. Jr.; Darius Mora 📂 Article 📅 1999 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English ⚖ 338 KB 👁 1 views

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural 5A (NS5A) protein has been implicated in the inherent resistance of HCV to interferon (IFN) antiviral therapy in clinical studies. Biochemical studies have demonstrated that NS5A interacts in vitro with and inhibits the IFN-induced, RNAdependent protein kina

Induction of human immunodeficiency viru
Induction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in human glial cells after proinflammatory cytokines stimulation: Effect of IFNγ, IL1β, and TNFα on differentiation and chemokine production in glial cells
✍ Nazila Janabi; Mariantonietta Di Stefano; Christine Wallon; Christiane Hery; Fra 📂 Article 📅 1998 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English ⚖ 450 KB 👁 1 views

Although evidence for human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) presence in the central nervous system (CNS) of infected patients is well established, the intensity of viral replication within the brain is not usually known. In vitro, human embryonic microglial cells internalized HIV-1 through a CD4-de

The Effect In vitro of High-Density Lipo
The Effect In vitro of High-Density Lipoprotein from Healthy and Infected Humans on the Oxidative Metabolism of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
✍ CRISTIANE FURLANETO; ANA CAMPA 📂 Article 📅 1997 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English ⚖ 141 KB 👁 2 views

We studied the effects in vitro of high-density lipoprotein from healthy (N-HDL) and from infected humans (AP-HDL) on the oxidative metabolism of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Products of the H2O2-MPO-halide system were monitored by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence and superoxide anion

Effects of interferon treatment on the a
Effects of interferon treatment on the antiviral T-cell response in hepatitis C virus genotype 1b- and genotype 2c-infected patients
✍ G Missale; E Cariani; V Lamonaca; A Ravaggi; A Rossini; R Bertoni; M Houghton; Y 📂 Article 📅 1997 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English ⚖ 219 KB 👁 3 views

The viral genotype may influence the response to interferon sion and more efficient antiviral immune response, is still (IFN) treatment in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. unclear. To characterize potential mechanisms responsible for this ef-Several factors including viral load, disease se

Effect of lack of Interleukin-4, Interle
Effect of lack of Interleukin-4, Interleukin-12, Interleukin-18, or the Interferon-γ receptor on virus replication, cytokine response, and lung pathology during respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice
✍ Anita Boelen; Joan Kwakkel; Marion Barends; Lia de Rond; Jan Dormans; Dr. Tjeerd 📂 Article 📅 2002 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English ⚖ 204 KB

## Abstract RSV is an important cause of bronchiolitis in infants. Immunopathology may play a role in RSV‐induced bronchiolitis and severe RSV‐induced disease has been associated with a Th2 type immune response. The aim of the study was to identify cytokine pathways that are crucial in influencing