Advanced Materials for Future Terahertz Devices, Circuits and Systems (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 727)

✍ Scribed by Aritra Acharyya (editor), Palash Das (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 333
• Edition: 1st ed. 2021
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book highlights the properties of advanced materials suitable for realizing THz devices, circuits and systems, and processing and fabrication technologies associated with those. It also discusses some measurement techniques exclusively effective for THz regime, newly explored materials and recently developed solid-state devices for efficient generation and detection of THz waves, potentiality of metamaterials for implementing THz passive circuits and bio-sensors, and finally the future of silicon as the base material of THz devices. The book especially focuses on the recent advancements and several research issues related to THz materials and devices; it also discusses theoretical, experimental, established, and validated empirical works on these topics.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Introduction to the Advanced Materials for Future Terahertz Devices, Circuits and Systems
1 Introduction
2 State-of-The-Art Terahertz Devices, Circuits and Systems
3 Overview of the Book
References
Gallium Nitride-Based Solid-State Devices for Terahertz Applications
1 Introduction
2 Quantum Cascade Lasers
3 High Electron Mobility Transistors
4 Resonant-Tunneling Diodes
5 Plasma Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistors
6 GUNN Diode Oscillators
7 Antenna-Coupled Field-Effect Transistors
8 Hetero-dimensional Schottky Diode
9 Avalanche Transit Time Devices
10 Summary
References
Noncontact Characterization Techniques of GaN-Based Terahertz Devices
1 Introduction
2 THz Time-Domain Spectroscopy
3 Laser-Induced THz Spectroscopy
4 THz-Electromodulation Spectroscopy
5 Summary
References
A Brief Review on Terahertz Avalanche Transit Time Sources
1 Introduction
2 Theory
3 Early Developments
4 Terahertz IMPATTs
5 Characteristics
6 Summary
References
Terahertz IMPATT Sources Based on Silicon Carbide
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Design
3 Analysis
4 Results and Discussion
5 Summary
References
Terahertz Quantum Dot Intersublevel Photodetector
1 Introduction
1.1 Significance of Terahertz Frequency
2 Semiconductor Photodetectors
2.1 General Characteristics of Semiconductor Photodetectors
2.2 Figure of Merits of Semiconductor Photodetectors
3 Quantum Well (QW)-Based Photodetector: Terahertz Applications
3.1 Basic Working Principle of QWP
3.2 Progress in QW-Based Terahertz Photodetectors
4 Quantum Dot (QD)-Based Photodetector: Terahertz Applications
4.1 Working Principle of QDP: Advantages of QDP
4.2 III-V Intersublevel QDP
4.3 Graphene-Based Terahertz Detector: Graphene QD Detectors
5 Conclusion and Future Roadmap
References
Graphene—A Promising Material for Realizing Active and Passive Terahertz Radiators
1 Introduction
2 THz Antennas
3 THz Lasers
4 THz ATT Sources
5 Summary
References
First-Principle Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Terahertz Absorptive Hydrogenated TiO2 Nanoparticles
1 Introduction
1.1 Major Challenges in THz Technology
1.2 Potential Nanomaterials in Terahertz Range
1.3 Recent Advancement on H-TiO2
2 Development of H-TiO2
2.1 Thermal Heating Under Hydrogen Atmosphere
2.2 High-Pressure Hydrogen Environment
2.3 Ambient Hydrogen Pressure Development
2.4 Ambient Hydrogen/Argon Treatment
3 Brief Overview of General Properties of Titanium Dioxide
3.1 TiO2 Crystal Structures
3.2 Rutile Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)
3.3 Refractive Index of TiO2-Rutile
3.4 Semiconducting Properties
4 Properties of H-TiO2 Nanomaterials
4.1 Structural Disorder
4.2 Presence of Ti3+ Ions
4.3 Presence of Oxygen Vacancies
4.4 Presence of Ti–OH Groups
4.5 Presence of Ti-H Groups
5 Applications of H-TiO2 Nanomaterials
5.1 Applications in Photocatalysis
5.2 Applications in Photo-electrochemical Sensor
5.3 Applications in Li-Ion Battery
5.4 Applications in Supercapacitor
5.5 Applications in Microwave Absorption
6 Terahertz Devices
6.1 Modulators
6.2 Bolometers
6.3 Filters
6.4 Lenses
7 Theory: Refractive Index of Doped TiO2
7.1 Moss Model
7.2 Penn Model
7.3 Alternate Approaches
8 Computational Study
8.1 DFT Study of Density of State for Hydrogenated Rutile TiO2
8.2 DFT Study of Band Structure for Hydrogenated Rutile TiO2
8.3 DFT Study of HOMO–LUMO Band Gap for Hydrogenated Rutile TiO2
9 Summary
References
Doping Effects on Optical Properties of Titania Composite in Terahertz Range
1 Introduction
1.1 Applications of TiO2 Nanomaterials in Terahertz Range
1.2 Brief Overview of General Properties of Titanium Dioxide
2 Potential Materials in Terahertz Domain Science and Technology
3 Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS)
4 Theory: Refractive Index of Doped TiO2
4.1 Moss Model
4.2 Penn Model
4.3 Alternate Approaches
5 Computational Study
5.1 DFT Study of Density of State for Bi- and Sb-Doped Rutile TiO2
5.2 DFT Study of Band Structure for Bi- and Sb-Doped Rutile TiO2
5.3 DFT Study of Effect of Oxygen Vacancy on Density of States for Bi- and Sb-Doped Rutile TiO2
5.4 DFT Study of Effect of Oxygen Vacancy on Band Structure for Bi- and Sb-Doped Rutile TiO2
5.5 DFT Study of HOMO–LUMO Band Gap for Bi and Antimony-Doped Rutile TiO2
6 Summery
References
Silicon Nanowires as a Potential Material for Terahertz Applications
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Section
2.1 Synthesis
2.2 Characterizations
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Morphological Analysis
3.2 Raman Analysis
3.3 Wettability Study
3.4 Application in Terahertz Frequency Range
4 Conclusion
References
Analysis of Optical Performance of Dual-Order RAMAN Amplifier Beyond 100 THz Spectrum
1 Introduction
1.1 Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOA)
1.2 Doped Fiber Amplifiers (DFA)
1.3 Raman Amplifiers
2 Raman Amplifiers in Details
2.1 Higher-Order Pumping
2.2 Novelty of the Present Work
3 Results
3.1 Results Obtained for Second-Order Pumping
4 Conclusions
References
A Novel Approach Dual Material Double Gate Germanium-Based TFET
1 Introduction
2 Structure of Device
3 Surface Potential and Electric Field Model
4 Drain Current Model
5 Simulation Results and Analysis
5.1 Energy Band Plot
5.2 Surface Potential and Electric Field Plot of the Device
5.3 Drain or on State Current
5.4 Leakage Current Model
5.5 Subthershold Swing
5.6 (On–Off) Current Ratio
6 Charge Transport Model
7 Capacitive Model
8 Total Gate Delay and Power Dissipation Model
9 Conclusion
References
Sources and Security Issues in Terahertz Technologies
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 The Detection of Terahertz
4 Sources of Terahertz
5 Terahertz Surface Abrasion
5.1 Mass Affect
5.2 Surface Affect
6 Security Issues in Terahertz Data Link
7 5G Network
8 The Channel in Terahertz
9 Conclusion
References
Interferometric Switch Based on Terahertz Optical Asymmetric Demultiplexer
1 Introduction
2 Principle of TOAD
3 Model Formulation
3.1 Saturation of Gain
3.2 Gain Recovery
3.3 SOA-Assisted Sagnac Gate
4 TOAD-Based Tree Architecture
4.1 Two-Input Control Pulse
4.2 Three-Input Control Pulse
5 Simulated Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Material Systems for Realizing Heterojunction IMPATT Sources for Generating Terahertz Waves
1 Introduction
2 Early Landmarks
3 Base Materials Other Than Si
4 Heterojunction IMPATT
5 Si  SiC Heterojunction-Based MQW IMPATT for THz Wave Generation
6 Conclusions
References
Development of an Active MMIC Frequency Tripler System in a Sub-millimeter to Terahertz Region Receiver for Planetary Observation
1 Introduction
2 The mm and Sub-mmWave Regions
3 Detection Techniques
4 Frequency Multiplier
5 Process Technologies
6 Design and Results
7 Results
8 Post-amplification Process
9 Future Scope
10 Conclusion
References
High-Sensitive Terahertz Biosensors
1 Introduction
2 Basic Concepts of Biosensing
3 Basics of Terahertz Sensing
3.1 Time-Domain Spectroscopy
3.2 Terahertz Radiation
3.3 THz Imaging
4 Terahertz Biosensors and Applications
4.1 Waveguide
4.2 Metamaterials
4.3 Nanomaterial
4.4 Patterned Structures
4.5 Topological Insulator
5 Recent Advancements
6 Major Challenges
7 Future Prospects
8 Summary
References
Terahertz Antennas for Future Communications
1 Introduction
1.1 5G Communication
1.2 THz Communication
1.3 THz Antennas and Fabrication Technology
2 THz Antenna Designs
2.1 Dielectric Lens Antenna
2.2 Horn Antenna
2.3 Patch Antenna with Photonic Band Gap and Defected Ground Structure
2.4 THz Dipole Antenna with Directors
2.5 Silicon-Imprinted Gaussian Beam Antenna for THz Communication
3 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References