Background:
A cytogenetic study of 75 consecutive children with all revealed a normal karyotype, a low hyperdiploid karyotype (including 47-50 chromosomes), and a high hyperdiploid karyotype (including > 50 chromosomes) in 10, 12, and 33 patients, respectively. an acquired extra x-chromosome was detected at diagnosis by conventional cytogenetics in 29 (88%) of 33 children with a high hyperdiploid karyotype and in 4 (33%) of 12 children with a low hyperdiploid karyotype. x-chromosome aneuploidy was retrospectively studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) in eight and 20 patients with a normal and a hyperdiploid karyotype, respectively.
Procedure:
A classical cytogenetic study was performed according to standard methods. fish with the centromeric probe specific to x-chromosome was used to study interphase cells of bone marrow or blood samples.
Results:
An extra x-chromosome was found by fish in all 13 patients with a high hyperdiploid or tetraploid, in 6 of 7 patients with a low hyperdiploid, and in none with a normal karyotype. two children with a normal karyotype displayed monosomy x. altogether, 57.3% of newly diagnosed children displayed x-chromosome aneuploidy.
Conclusions:
Out study indicates that x-chromosome aneuploidy may be the most common chromosome abnormality in childhood all. it can be detected in nearly all children with a high hyperdiploid karyotype and up to one-half of the patients with a low hyperdiploid karyotype. fish with an x-chromosome centromeric probe is a rapid and simple tool to detect an abnormal clone at diagnosis in the majority of children with all and is useful in confirming remission in these patients.