A seven-step cascade reaction-in which selective mesylation, epoxide formation, epoxide lysis, cyclization, reiterative oxidation, and nitrogen-oxygen exchange occur sequentially-facilitates the construction of the maleic anhydride moiety of CP molecules 1 and 2 (>93% yield per step). Unstable inter
A novel osmotic pressure route to the activity coefficient of a molecule in a solution
β Scribed by J.G. Powles; S. Murad; B. Holtz
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1995
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 279 KB
- Volume
- 245
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0009-2614
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β¦ Synopsis
It is proposed that a powerful and convenient method of measuring the activity coefficient of a molecular species in a liquid mixture is to do an osmosis experiment. The only information required is the equation of state of the pure solvent. The procedure has been tested and verified by a modified GEMC simulation. The results are compared with van der Waals one-fluid theory, which is found to be remarkably good.
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## Abstract We propose simple expressions $\Pi /\Pi \_0 = 1 + (\varphi /\varphi \_{{\rm ex}} )^{3\alpha - 1}$ and $(\delta \_0 /\delta )^2 = 1 + (\varphi /\varphi \_{{\rm ex}} )^{2\alpha }$ for the osmotic pressure Ξ and the depletion thickness __Ξ΄__ as a function of the polymer concentration __Ο__
A method is described for determining the diffusion coefficients of small solutes in limited volumes (approximately equal to 4-9 ml) of fluid. Diffusion is measured in a three-chamber diffusion cell across a central unstirred compartment. Compartments are separated by nitrocellulose membranes. The i