A Field Guide to Clean Drinking Water

✍ Scribed by Joe Vogel

• Publisher: The Experiment
• Year: 2019
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 274
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Basics
Water and its role
Water’s purpose in the body
From dehydration to exsiccosis
Hyperhydration—water poisoning
Water in emergencies—and while traveling
Water requirement
Formula for the calculation of the daily water requirement
Model calculation for moderate consumption
Model calculation for high consumption
Water on trekking tours
Reserves and rationing
Water stores
Water stores as domestic reserves
Water stores as emergency provisions
Drinking properly
Dealing with a water emergency
Water stress
Water shortage
Water crisis
Chapter 2: How to find water
Properties of water
How to read terrain structures
Indicators for the presence of water
Important indicators for moist soil
Potential groundwater locations
Wells
Infiltration wells
Suction wells
Other sources
Freshwater lenses
Submarine freshwater sources
Ice and snow
Model calculation for two people and 3.5 liters drinking water each
Humidity—dew
Dew point
Extracting water from the air
Fog catchers
Collecting dew
Dew in the tent
Further condensation methods
Precipitation
Cisterns and roof stores
Water from food
Water from plants
Transpiration
Extraction
Simple collection
Water from animals
Chapter 3: How to assess water
Properties of raw water
Turbidity
Discoloration
Sensory assessment
Raw water vs. drinking water
Pathogens
Viruses
Rotaviruses
Hepatitis A
Bacteriophages
Bacteria
Cholera
Typhoid, paratyphoid, salmonellosis, and others
E. coli
Single-celled organisms and parasites
Cryptosporidia
Giardia
Amoebas
Multicellular parasite larvae
Blue-green algae
Chemical components of raw water
Sodium chloride (table salt)
Salinity levels of the seas
Determining salinity
Other minerals and heavy metals
Radioactivity
Nitrite, nitrate, and other nitrogen compounds
Pesticides and other organic compounds
The saprobic index
Indicator species
Trophic state
Assessing water quality
Indicator organisms
Chapter 4: How to make water safe to drink
Preparation methods
Sedimentation
Heat precipitation
Oxygen precipitation
Chemical precipitation
Decanting
Prefiltration
Nonwoven fabric filters
Disinfection
Drip filtration
Filter housing
Sediment filtration
Clay pot filtration
Candle filters
Suction filters
Backpacking water filters
Hollow fiber filters
Minisart filters
Charcoal filters
Boiling
Solar heat
UV radiation
Electric UV radiation
SODIS
Chemical disinfection
Iodine
Chlorine dioxide
Hypochlorites
MOS (mixed oxidant solution)
Desalination
Reverse osmosis
Functionality
Passive Osmosis
Distillation
Improvised distillation methods
Small water supply systems
Home water supply systems
Filter housing
Filtration stages
Pressure system
Stationary systems
Stationary UV radiation
Chapter 5: How to preserve and store water
Recontamination
Tyndallization
Repeated SODIS
Chilling and shading
Silver ions and other chemical substances
Emergency water pouches
Transport and storage containers
Stationary storage tanks
Mobile medium-size storage containers
Bottles and drinking vessels
Improvised transportation and storage methods
Storage ponds
Emergency containers
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Appendix
Drinking water and diseases
Water treatment process
Glossary
Index
About the Author