## Abstract The ^1^H and ^13^C NMR spectra of carminic acid were completely assigned, thus confirming its structure and the conformation of the glucose residue.
A Comparative 1H- and 13C-NMR Study of the Dianion and Dication of Biphenylene
✍ Scribed by Rainer Benken; Klaus Finneiser; Henning Von Puttkamer; Harald Günther; Bertil Eliasson; Ulf Edlund
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 1986
- Tongue
- German
- Weight
- 432 KB
- Volume
- 69
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0018-019X
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✦ Synopsis
Biphenylene dianion has been prepared by Li reduction of the parent hydrocarbon. It is stable below -30' and was characterized by its 'Hand I3C-NMR spectra. A comparison of these data with those of the dication indicates he existence of ion pairs in the dianion case which are responsible for a different charge distribution. The iiamagnetic ring currents of both ions, however, are of comparable magnitude, and both are more diatropic than he parent hydrocarbon. Predictions of the n-charge-density effect on 'H chemical shifts are improved by :alculations that use the linear and quadratic electric-field effect equation instead of the simple Spiesecke-Schneider .elation.
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