In the present study, we typed our previously reported two microsatellite markers, DXYS241 and DXYS266 together with a basic set of nine Y-STRs (DYS19, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DXYS156Y, DYS413) on Y chromosomes from two Bolivian populations. Unrelated males from communities living at high-(N = 59) and low-(N = 142) altitude, were studied. Combining the alleles into 11 Y-STRs haplotypes revealed that the high-altitude population is significantly less diverse than the low-altitude population. Haplotype diversities of 0.927 Β± 0.029 and 0.996 Β± 0.002 were found within the high-altitude, and the low-altitude populations, respectively. Within the high-altitude population 40 haplotypes were detected, whereas in the low-altitude population 113 haplotypes were found. Only three haplotypes were shared between both populations.
Haplotyping-based discrimination using the 11 Y-STRs including our new two microsatellite markers DXYS241 and DXYS266 was shown to be powerful than using the conventional 9 Y-STRs, especially for the low-altitude Bolivian population.
This 11 Y-STRs-based haplotyping system shows a very high potential for discrimination and could provide an ideal tool for forensic analysis and population studies. Moreover, this study includes data about two Bolivian populations which were not previously reported, this will help in building a world-wide database for future use in forensic and legal studies.