Xenophobia, Nativism and Pan-Africanism in 21st Century Africa: History, Concepts, Practice and Case Study

✍ Scribed by Sabella Ogbobode Abidde (editor), Emmanuel Kasonde Matambo (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 330
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This edited volume systematically analyzes the connection between xenophobia, nativism, and Pan-Africanism. It situates attacks on black Africans by fellow black Africans within the context of ideals such as Pan-Africanism and Ubuntu, which emphasize unity. The book straddles a range of social science perspectives to explain why attacks on foreign nationals in Africa usually entail attacks on black foreign nationals. Written by an international and interdisciplinary team of scholars, the book is divided into four sections that each explain a different facet of this complicated relationship.

Section One discusses the history of colonialism and apartheid and their relationship to xenophobia. Section Two critically evaluates Pan-Africanism as a concept and as a practice in 21^st century Africa. Section Three presents case studies on xenophobia in contemporary Africa. Section Four similarly discusses cases of nativism.

Addressing a complex issue in contemporary African politics, this volume will be of use to students and scholars interested in African studies, African politics, human rights, migration, history, law, and development economics.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Contents
Abbreviations
About the Editors
About the Contributors
Contributors
Part I: Pan-Africanism Then and Now
Chapter 1: The Utility of Pan-Africanism in Africa and the African Diaspora
Introduction
On the Question of Definitions
Pan-Africanism: Where We Are
African Renaissance, Pan-Africanism, and the African Condition
Brief Survey of Xenophobia and Nativism in Africa
Xenophobia and Nativism in Latin America and the Caribbean
Xenophobia and Nativism in the United States
The Black World: A Hopeful Future?
Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 2: How Relevant Are Black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism in the Twenty-First Century?
Introduction
Origins of Black Nationalism
First Black Nationalist Movement 1850–1861
Second Black Nationalist Movement
Third Black Nationalist Movement
Fourth Black Nationalist Movement?
Black Nationalism in the Twenty-First Century
Origins of Pan-Africanism
Pan-Africanism Professionalized
African Connection
Origins of African Xenophobia
African Xenophobia in the Twentieth Century
Pan-Africanism in the Twenty-First Century
Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 3: Xeno-Afrophobia and Pan-Africanism: What Lies Beneath the Mask of an Identity?
Introduction
Acculturation
What Identity? How Do I View Myself?
Garveyism as Collective or Individual Identity
The 1884–1885 Berlin Conference and Pan-Africanism Identity Clusters
Xenophobia
Afrophobia
Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 4: South Africa’s Segue from Apartheid to Xenophobia: An Analysis Using René Dumont’s False Start in Africa and Frantz Fanon’s Pitfalls of National Consciousness
Introduction
Xenophobia in the New Millennium: Four Main Claims
Analytical Frameworks
Frantz Fanon’s Pitfalls of National Consciousness
René Dumont’s False Start in Africa
South Africa Under Apartheid (1948–1994): A Socio-political and Economic Injustice
Post-apartheid South Africa 1994–2021
Affirmative Action
Economic Conditions Among the Previously Disadvantaged
Trends in African Migration to South Africa Since 1994
Basis of Attacks of Foreign Nationals: Analysis Using Dumont and Fanon
Conclusion
Bibliography
Part II: History in Colonial and Apartheid Eras
Chapter 5: Pan-Africanism and Its Contradictions: Rethinking the Nativist Idea of Egyptology in Ayi Kwei Armah’s KMT
Introduction: Interrogating the Xenophobic Economy of Nativism and Egyptology
Tracing the Pan-Africanist Vision of Egyptology: Diop’s Influence on Armah
The Remembering of Ancient Egyptian Values in KMT and Its Pan-Africanist Contradictions
Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 6: Colonial Xenophobia and Fear of “Foreign” Politics in the Nineteenth-Century Cape Colony: Implications for Analyzing Borderless Politics Today
Introduction
Patterns of Xenophobia in the Nineteenth-Century Cape Colony
Directions for Analysis of Xenophobic Politics
Bibliography
Chapter 7: Apartheid Segregation Laws as an Underlying Instigator of Xenophobia in Democratic South Africa: A Critical Reflection
Introduction
South Africa and Xenophobia
Theoretical Perspective
Scapegoating
Isolation
Bio-cultural Hypothesis
Xenophobia and Its Implications for South Africa
Apartheid and Xenophobia: The Hate Nexus
Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 8: South Africa and Xenophobic Violence: A Critical Analysis of the Post-colonial State
Introduction
A Brief Overview of Xenophobia in South Africa
Defining Xenophobia and Its Causes Which Are Possible Sources of Violence
The Post-colonial State
The South African Post-colonial Position
Rethinking Xenophobic Violence in the Context of the Post-colonial State
Conclusion
Bibliography
Part III: Xenophobia in Contemporary Africa
Chapter 9: African Responses to Xenophobic Attacks in South Africa in the Context of Pan-Africanism
Introduction
South Africa and Pan-Africanism
Xenophobic Attacks in South Africa
African Responses
South African Reactions in 2019
Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 10: Xenophobic Attacks on Nigerians in South Africa: Counting the Human and Economic Costs
Introduction
Perspectives on Xenophobia: A Global View
Xenophobic Attacks in South Africa: Nature, Causes, and the Dimension
Xenophobic Attacks on Nigerians in South: The Human and Economic Cost and Its Impact on Nigeria-South Africa Relations
Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 11: Xenophobia and Regional Integration in Central Africa
Introduction
Contextual Background
Regional Integration and Pan-Africanism
Regional Groupings in Central Africa and the State of Regional Integration
Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC)
Economic Community of Great Lake Countries (ECGLC)
Why Regional Integration in Central Africa Has Lagged Behind
A Plurality of Integration and Cooperation Schemes
Lack of Political Will and Commitment to Regional Institutions
Political Instability and Insecurity
Lack of Democratic Development
Socioeconomic Constraints
Historical and External Factors
Xenophobia and Regional Integration in Central Africa
Case Studies
Gabon: From a Country of Immigrants to One of Xenophobia
Inventing Xenophobia in Equatorial Guinea
Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 12: Xenophobia in Historical Perspective: Causation, Consequences, and Conquest
Introduction
Historical Analysis of Xenophobia
Causes
Consequence
Conquest
Conclusion
Bibliography
Part IV: Nativism in Africa
Chapter 13: Three Times a State, Never a Nation: Indians in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe
Introduction
Background
The Politics of Race
A Rhodesian Past and a Zimbabwean Future
Isolation and Insularity
Three Times a State, Never a Nation
Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 14: Social Media and Nationalistic Influence on Xenophobia in Africa
Introduction
Nativism and Nationalism
Nationalism as A Political Slogan Versus Economic Nationalism
The Concept of Xenophobia
The Concept of Social Media Versus Mainstream Media
Social Media and Xenophobia
The Concept of Fake News and Its Forms
Bibliography
Chapter 15: Nativism in Nigeria: The Struggle for Ownership and Control of Resources
Introduction
Nativism: The Conceptual Framework
Origin of Nativism in Nigeria
Consequences of Nativism
Steps Taken by the Government
Conclusion
Strategy for Reducing Nativism
Bibliography
Chapter 16: The Politics of Race and Color in Southern Africa
Introduction
The Theoretical Perspectives
Apartheid and Racism
International Pressure on South Africa to End Apartheid
Twenty-Five Years After Apartheid
Zimbabwe’s Experience with the Politics of Race and Color
Racial Relations in Independent Zimbabwe
Lessons Learned Over the Years
Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 17: Concluding Remarks: The Specter of Identity Politics Against a Pan-African Backdrop
Introduction
Pan-Africanism: An Ideal in Abeyance
Xenophobia, Nativism, and Pan-Africanism in Twenty-First-Century Africa
References
Index