Work in Tropical Forests (Tropical Forestry)

✍ Scribed by Siegfried Lewark

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 301
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book presents a synopsis, with an innovative approach, of abundance, types and conditions of work performed in the tropical plantation and natural forests. It covers work of formally and informally employed, and of own-account small-scale forest users, women and children. Activities in tree harvesting are analyzed, also on-site conversion by pitsawing, planting and pruning.

The abilities of the workers and their efforts while fulfilling their tasks, resulting in performance and workload, are described with many examples of published studies. Influencing variables from organizational, technical and managerial sides are considered as much as included in the studies.

The detailed descriptions demonstrate the methodical state of ergonomic research. For better understanding of the coverage the background of the development of forest work science is described. The lasting influence of Taylorism and the roles of ILO and FAO as well as NGOs, e.g. in certification, arepointed out.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Part I: The Perspective of Work Science
Chapter 1: People and Work in Tropical Forests: An Introduction
1.1 Some Thoughts at the Beginning
1.2 Tropical Forests
1.3 Populations and Livelihoods
1.4 Defining the Perspective
1.5 Aiming at Decent Work
References
Chapter 2: Work and Sustainable Forest Management
2.1 Subsistence Forest Utilization, Exploitation, and Sustainability
2.1.1 Phases of Forest Utilization
2.1.1.1 Forest Utilization in Pre-Colonial Times
2.1.1.2 Forest Utilization in Colonial and Post-Colonial Times
2.1.1.3 Forest Utilization 2020
2.1.2 Sustainable Forest Utilization
2.1.2.1 Silvicultural Concepts
2.1.2.2 Certification
2.1.2.3 Concessions
2.1.2.4 Perspectives of Sustainability of Forest Utilization
2.1.3 Agroforestry, Trees Outside Forestry
2.1.4 Plantation Forestry
2.1.5 Forest Products
2.1.5.1 Non-Timber Forest Products
2.1.5.2 Woodfuels
2.1.5.3 Timber
2.2 Work for Forest Utilization
2.2.1 Work Tasks
2.2.2 Working People
2.2.3 Employment
References
Chapter 3: Development of Work Science
3.1 Work, Study Object of Work Science
3.2 Science of Work
3.2.1 Development and Terminology
3.2.2 Working Conditions
3.3 Forest Work Science
3.3.1 Development of the Discipline
3.3.2 Research Activities
3.3.3 Ergonomic Research in Agroforestry and Agricultural Sciences
References
Part II: Sample Work Studies
Chapter 4: Methodology of Work Study
4.1 Work Study Concepts
4.2 Forest Work Study
4.3 Evaluation of Work Studies
4.3.1 The Scenarios
4.3.2 Characteristics of Work Studies
4.3.2.1 What to Look at?
4.3.2.2 Studying Occupational Safety and Health
4.3.2.3 Research Design and Methods
4.3.2.4 Complete Work Study Information
4.4 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 5: Work in Plantation Forests
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Operations
5.2.1 Planting
5.2.2 Pruning
5.2.3 Harvesting
5.3 Work Studies
5.3.1 Planting
5.3.1.1 Planting Shorea in Indonesia
5.3.1.2 Planting Radiata Pine in New Zealand
5.3.1.3 Planting Radiata Pine in Chile
5.3.1.4 Planting Pine in the Southeastern USA
5.3.1.5 Concluding Remarks: Work Studies on Planting
5.3.2 Pruning
5.3.2.1 Pruning Eucalypts in Brazil
5.3.2.2 Pruning Pinus radiata in Chile
5.3.2.3 Pruning Pseudotsuga menziesii in New Zealand
5.3.2.4 Concluding Remarks: Work Studies on Pruning
5.3.3 Harvesting
5.3.3.1 Harvesting Pinus patula in Uganda
5.3.3.2 Harvesting Pinus patula in Zimbabwe
5.3.3.3 Harvesting Pinus patula in South Africa
5.3.3.4 Dehydration During Harvesting in South Africa
5.3.3.5 Harvesting Eucalypts in Thailand
5.3.3.6 Harvesting Pinus patula in Tanzania
5.3.3.7 Harvesting Pine in Chile
5.3.3.8 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 6: Work for Industrial Forest Utilization in Natural Forests
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Operations
6.2.1 Harvesting
6.2.1.1 Pre-harvest Tasks
6.2.1.2 Tree Felling and Conversion
6.2.1.3 Reduced Impact Logging
6.2.2 On-Site Log Conversion into Sawn Wood
6.2.3 Transport
6.3 Work-Related Studies
6.3.1 Harvesting
6.3.1.1 Harvesting Operations and Working Conditions
Harvesting in the Brazilian Amazon
Conventional Harvesting in Indonesia
6.3.1.2 Impacts of Certification
Social Impacts in the Congo Basin
Social Impacts in Chile
Social Impacts in Brazil
6.3.1.3 Impacts of Reduced Impact Logging
Comparative Study in Kalimantan, Indonesia
Impacts on Working Situations in Ghana
Impacts on Workers’ Safety in the Amazon
Directional Felling in Sabah, Malaysia
6.3.2 On-Site Log Conversion into Sawn Wood
6.3.2.1 Pit-Sawing
Pit-Sawing in Uganda
Pit-Sawing in Tanzania
6.3.2.2 Chainsaw Milling
Regulations
Safety and Health
6.3.3 Transport
6.3.3.1 Cable Pulling and Active Out-Spooling
Winching with Cable Out-Spooling Device in Brazil
Cable Out-Spooling in Italian Mountain Forests
6.3.3.2 Steel Cables and Synthetic Ropes
6.3.4 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 7: Work for Non-industrial Forest Utilization in Natural Forests
7.1 The Scope of Non-industrial Forest Utilization
7.1.1 Working and Living Situation of the Users
7.1.2 Between Forestry, Agroforestry, and Agriculture
7.2 Operations
7.3 Work-Related Studies
7.3.1 Time Allocation to Tasks and Related Workloads
7.3.2 Studies Related to Work Methods and Tools
7.3.3 Harvesting Practices
7.3.3.1 Non-timber Forest Products
7.3.3.2 Woodfuels
Charcoal Production in Liberia
Charcoal Production and Marketing in Mozambique
Charcoal Production and Trade in Zambia
7.3.4 Transport
7.3.5 Conclusions
References
Part III: Insights from Work Science into Work in Tropical Forests
Chapter 8: Some Issues of Work in Tropical Forests, in a Nutshell
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Ever-Present Change
8.3 Diversity and Working Group-Specific Issues
8.4 Legal and Social Environment
8.4.1 Workers’ Rights
8.4.2 Labour Law
8.4.3 Labour Unions and Participation
8.4.4 Collective Labour Agreements
8.5 Work Organization and Technology
8.5.1 Work Organization
8.5.2 Technology
8.5.3 Forest Crime
References
Chapter 9: Some Thoughts at the End
9.1 The Abundance of Work in Tropical Forests
9.2 The Responsibility of the Foresters
9.3 The Need of Education
9.4 The Commitment of Work Scientists
Index