Wireless Networks: From the Physical Layer to Communication, Computing, Sensing and Control

✍ Scribed by Giorgio Franceschetti, Sabatino Stornelli

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2006
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 359
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Awarded by the International Calabria's Prize! This multidisciplinary volume originates from lectures presented at a short course on wireless communications in Capri, Italy. This globally attended conference has produced an exceptional book written by pioneers in the field. Lecturers at Capri included pillars in the fields of electromagnetics, communications, information technology and mathematics. As communications technology becomes increasingly wireless, an interdisciplinary viewpoint is necessary for professionals to correct problems and avoid others before they occur. Wireless Networks covers critical technology within WLAN, ad hoc networks, data distribution, TV, radio, and personal mobile devices. As networks become wireless, engineers face increased difficulty securing its malleable boundaries. This book discusses security solutions such as sensor technology that prevent unwanted intrusion. Connectivity is also addressed, featuring chapters on antennas, bandwidth and frequencies. Editors Franceschetti and Stornelli have done a great service to the wireless communications community in creating a compendium that delivers this spectrum of essential information in one reference. Presents a uniquely panoramic view of wireless networks with viewpoints from engineering, computing, and mathematics The technology is discussed in theory as well as in practice to help engineers design and modify networks *Globally recognized experts share their critical insight on sensor technology, transfering protocol, ad-hoc networks, and more

✦ Table of Contents

Front Cover......Page 1
Wireless Networks......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 8
Foreword......Page 16
Preface......Page 18
About the Authors......Page 24
1.1 Introduction......Page 30
1.2 The Scenario......Page 32
1.3 The Players......Page 35
1.4 Concluding Remarks......Page 40
2.1 Historical Perspectives......Page 42
2.2 Digital Communication Basics......Page 43
2.2.1 Complex Baseband Representation of Bandpass Signals......Page 44
2.2.2 Digital Transmission......Page 47
2.2.3 Performance Metrics for Digital Communication......Page 48
2.2.4 Some Limits on Performance of Digital Communication Systems......Page 51
2.2.5 Optimum Demodulation......Page 53
2.2.6 Discussion......Page 57
2.3.1 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing......Page 58
2.3.2 Orthogonal Code Division Multiplexing......Page 61
2.3.3 Binary Stream Modulation......Page 64
2.3.4 Orthogonal Modulations with Memory......Page 66
2.4 Propagation in Wireless Channels......Page 69
2.4.1 Free Space Propagation......Page 70
2.4.2 Multipath Propagation......Page 75
2.4.3 Gaussian Modeling of Multipath Channels......Page 78
2.5 The Selectivity of Wireless Channels......Page 80
2.5.1 Frequency Selectivity......Page 81
2.5.2 Spatial Selectivity......Page 86
2.5.3 Time Selectivity......Page 92
2.5.4 Summary of Channel Characteristics......Page 95
2.6 Physical Models of Wireless Systems......Page 97
2.6.1 Time-Flat Frequency-Flat (TF/FF) Channels......Page 99
2.6.2 Time-Varying Frequency-Flat (TV/FF) Channels......Page 101
2.6.4 Receiver-Space-Varying Frequency-Flat (RSV/FF) Channels......Page 102
2.6.5 Transmitter-Receiver Space-Varying Frequency-Flat (TRSV/FF) Channels......Page 103
2.6.6 Paradigms for Wireless Communication......Page 104
2.7 Modern Wireless Communication......Page 106
2.7.1 Capacity of the SISO Channel......Page 108
2.7.2 Capacity of the SISO Varying Channel......Page 111
2.7.3 Capacity of the RSV/TF/FF Channel......Page 112
2.7.4 MIMO Capacity......Page 115
References......Page 119
3.1.1 Mobile Communication Systems......Page 124
3.1.2 Antenna Designs for Handsets......Page 127
3.1.3 Interaction with the Human......Page 128
3.1.4 Objectives of this Chapter......Page 129
3.2.1 RF System Introduction......Page 131
3.2.2 External Antennas......Page 132
3.2.3 Internal Antennas......Page 135
3.2.4 Non-Cellular Antennas......Page 136
3.2.5 Key Electrical Parameters in Handset Antenna Designs......Page 138
3.3 Integration of Multiple Antennas......Page 140
3.3.1 Dual-Band PIFA Design......Page 141
3.3.2 PIFA and Whip Antenna Combination......Page 142
3.3.3 PIFA and GPS IFA Combination......Page 153
3.4 Human Interaction in Handset Antenna Design......Page 163
3.4.1 Human Head Effect on Handset Antennas......Page 164
3.4.2 SAR Consideration in Handset Antenna Designs......Page 168
3.4.3 SAR Reduction with a GPS IFA......Page 173
3.5 Total Radiated Power (TRP)......Page 175
3.5.1 Definition of TRP......Page 176
3.5.2 PIFA Models in the 1900MHz Band......Page 177
3.5.3 SAR and TRP......Page 180
3.6 Conclusion......Page 183
References......Page 185
4.1 Introduction......Page 190
4.1.1 The Deterministic Approach......Page 191
4.1.2 The Stochastic Approach......Page 193
4.2 The Deterministic Geometrical Model (DGM)......Page 194
4.2.1 Input Data......Page 195
4.2.2 Output Data......Page 197
4.2.3 Rays Propagation, Reflection, and Diffraction......Page 198
4.3 The Stochastic Environment Model......Page 201
4.3.1 The Large-Scatterers Model (SELM)......Page 205
4.3.2 The Small-Scatterers Model (SESM)......Page 206
4.3.3 Analytic Results......Page 207
4.3.4 Validation......Page 211
4.4 Conclusion......Page 213
References......Page 214
5.1.1 Wireless Evolution......Page 216
5.1.2 Ad Hoc Network Characteristics......Page 218
5.1.3 Wireless Network Taxonomy......Page 220
5.2 Ad Hoc Network Applications......Page 221
5.2.1 The Battlefield......Page 222
5.2.2 Opportunistic Ad Hoc Networking in the Urban Grid and on Campus......Page 225
5.3 Design Challenges......Page 227
5.3.2 Cross Layer Interaction......Page 228
5.3.3 The Rest of this Chapter......Page 229
5.4 Overview of Scalable Ad Hoc Routing Protocols......Page 230
5.4.1 Routing in a Flat Network Address Structure......Page 232
5.4.2 Hierarchical Routing Protocols......Page 239
5.4.3 Geographic Position Information Assisted Routing......Page 247
5.5 The MINUTEMAN Project......Page 253
5.6 Scalable Routing in MINUTEMAN......Page 257
5.7 Backbone Node Deployment and Clustering......Page 258
5.7.1 Random Competition-Based Clustering......Page 259
5.8.1 LANMAR in the MBN......Page 261
5.9 Simulation Experiments......Page 263
5.9.1 Cluster Stability......Page 264
5.9.2 Routing Algorithm Performance......Page 265
5.10 Related Work......Page 266
5.11 Conclusion......Page 267
References......Page 268
6.1.1 Motivation......Page 272
6.1.2 Measured Data and Network Characteristics......Page 273
6.1.3 Metrics......Page 274
6.1.4 Related Work......Page 275
6.2 Background......Page 277
6.3.1 Network Model......Page 279
6.3.2 Signal Model......Page 280
6.4.1 Lossless Data Gathering......Page 281
6.4.2 Node Placement......Page 295
6.4.3 Lossy Data Gathering......Page 296
6.4.4 Remarks......Page 301
6.5 Data Gathering of Spatio-Temporal Processes......Page 302
6.5.1 Problem Setup......Page 304
6.5.2 One-Dimensional Networks......Page 305
6.5.3 Two-Dimensional Networks......Page 311
6.5.4 Numerical Simulations......Page 313
6.5.5 Remarks......Page 314
References......Page 315
7.1 Introduction......Page 318
7.2 The Wireless Medium......Page 319
7.3 The Capacity and Architecture of Wireless Networks......Page 325
7.4 Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks......Page 331
7.4.1 Power Control......Page 332
7.4.2 Routing......Page 334
7.4.3 Medium Access Control......Page 336
7.5 In-Network Processing for Function Computation in Sensor Networks......Page 339
7.6 Networked Control......Page 341
References......Page 344
Index......Page 348
Colour Plate......Page 356