Wind Power Electric Systems: Modeling, Simulation, Control and Power Management Control (Green Energy and Technology)

✍ Scribed by Djamila Rekioua

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 331
• Edition: 2
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book enhances existing knowledge in the field of wind systems. It explores topics such as grid integration, smart grid applications, hybrid renewable energy systems, and advancements in control and optimization approaches. The book primarily aims to provide a quick and comprehensive understanding of wind systems, including models, control techniques, optimization methods, and energy storage systems to students at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels, particularly those studying electrical engineering.

The book is divided into two parts. The first part explores various stand-alone wind applications such as rural electrification and pumping, while the second part focuses on applications in grid-connected systems. Each system is accompanied by mathematical models and an illustrative example using the MATLAB/Simulink package. Moreover, numerous examples are presented for potential implementation using the DSPACE package. The book also introduces different electrical machine control approaches, including vector control, direct torque control, and fuzzy logic controllers for various drive systems. Furthermore, intelligent techniques are developed to optimize wind operations.

Aiming to enhance existing knowledge in the field of wind systems, this book covers topics such as grid integration, smart grid applications, hybrid renewable energy systems, and advancements in control and optimization approaches.

This second edition is fully updated. New sections on demand-side management and energy storage systems have been included, and each section has a summary and comparative table to further enhance clarity. Additionally, this new edition includes discussions on future trends and emerging technologies in wind energy systems, making it a more comprehensive and up-to-date resource.

✦ Table of Contents

Acknowledgements
Introduction
Contents
Notations
General
Subscripts
Superscripts
1 Wind Turbine Applications Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 General Overview of Wind Turbine Characteristics
1.2.1 Site Installation
1.2.2 Rotational Axis
1.2.3 Output Power
1.2.4 Rotational Speed
1.2.5 Method Using
1.2.6 Other Parameters
1.3 Global Structure of a Conversion Wind System
1.3.1 Wind Speeds
1.3.2 Aerogenerator
1.3.3 Load
1.3.4 Autonomous and Grid Systems
1.3.5 Power Electronics Interface
1.4 Introduction to Wind Systems
1.4.1 Standalone Wind Systems
1.4.2 Direct-Coupled Wind System
1.5 Turbine Control
1.6 Standalone Wind System with Storage
1.7 Hybrid System
1.8 Grid-Wind Systems
1.9 Sizing of Wind Turbine
1.9.1 Determination of Load Profile
1.9.2 Analysis of Wind Velocity
1.9.3 Calculation of Wind Energy
1.9.4 Size of Wind Turbine
1.9.5 Size of Storage
1.10 State-of-the-Art Developments in Wind Power
1.11 Maintenance of Wind Systems
1.12 Total Costs for Wind Turbine Installation
1.13 Onshore and Offshore Wind Power Technologies
1.14 Conclusion
References
2 Electrical Generators Used in WECS
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Fixed-Speed Wind Turbine Systems
2.3 Variable-Speed Wind Turbine System
2.3.1 Squirrel-Cage Rotor Induction Generator
2.3.2 Dual-Stator Induction Machine (DSIM)
2.3.3 Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)
2.3.4 Self-cascaded Machine or Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine (BDFM)
2.3.5 Dual-Stator Winding Induction Machine
2.3.6 Doubly- Fed Induction Machine with Wound Rotor
2.3.7 Synchronous Generator with External Field Excitation
2.3.8 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator
2.3.9 Other Electrical Generators Used
2.3.10 Comparison of the Different EGs Used in WECSs
2.4 EG Used in Autonomous Systems
2.4.1 Synchronous Machines
2.5 Power Electronics Interface
2.6 Conclusion
References
3 Wind Energy Conversion Modeling
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Global Structure of WECS
3.2.1 Aerogenerator Modeling
3.2.2 Dynamical Turbine Model
3.2.3 Electrical Generators Modeling
3.3 Conclusion
References
4 Power Electronics Used in WECS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Power Electronics Components in WECS
4.3 Power Electronics Modeling
4.3.1 Soft Starter
4.3.2 Capacitor Bank
4.3.3 Diode Rectifier
4.3.4 The Back-to-Back PWM-VSI
4.3.5 Modeling of the Rectifier
4.3.6 Modeling of the Filter
4.3.7 Modeling of the Inverter
4.3.8 Tandem Converter
4.3.9 Matrix Converter (MC)
4.3.10 Multilevel Converter
4.3.11 DC/DC Converter
4.4 Other Converter Topologies
4.4.1 Full-Bridge Converter (FBC)
4.5 Load Modeling
4.6 Grid Model
4.7 Classification of Power Converters WECS Based on Voltage Levels
4.8 Conclusion
References
5 Optimization Methods Used in WECSs
5.1 Introduction to Optimization Algorithms
5.2 Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Algorithms
5.2.1 Perturb and Observe (P&O) Technique or Hill Climb Searching (HCS)
5.2.2 Tip Speed Ratio Method (TSR)
5.2.3 Power Signal Feedback (PSF) Method
5.3 Optimal Torque Control (OTC)
5.4 Comparison of P&O, TSR and PSF
5.5 Sliding Mode Control
5.6 Fuzzy Logic Controller Technique
5.7 Adaptative Fuzzy Logic Controller (AFLC)
5.8 Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Method
5.9 Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN)
5.10 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Method
5.11 Adaptative Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)
5.12 Comparison Between Different Optimization Methods
5.13 Conclusion
References
6 Modeling of Storage Energy Systems Used in WECS
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Electrochemical Storage
6.2.1 Electrochemical Batteries
6.2.2 Battery Electrochemical Model
6.3 Hydrogen Energy Storage (HES)
6.4 Mechanical Storage
6.4.1 Flywheel Energy Storage (FES)
6.4.2 Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES)
6.4.3 Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)
6.5 Electromagnetic Storage
6.5.1 Supercapacitor Energy Storage (SES)
6.5.2 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)
6.6 Thermal Energy Storage (TES)
6.7 Conclusion
References
7 Overview of Control Methods Used in WECSs
7.1 Basic Principles of Wind Turbine Control Systems
7.2 Level 1 (Mechanical Part)
7.2.1 No Linear Control by Static State Feedback (NLCSSF)
7.2.2 Nonlinear Dynamic Control by State Feedback (NLDCSF)
7.2.3 Indirect Speed Control (ISV)
7.2.4 Comparison Between the Three Controls
7.3 Level 2 (Electrical Part)
7.3.1 Scalar Control of Wind System (SCWS)
7.3.2 Vector Control of Wind System (VCWS)
7.3.3 Direct Torque Control of Wind System (DTCWS)
7.3.4 Modulated Hysteresis Direct Torque Control of Wind System (MHDTCWS)
7.3.5 Direct Power Control of Wind System (DPCWS)
7.3.6 Sliding Mode Control (SMC)
7.3.7 Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC)
7.4 Conclusion
References
8 Hybrid Systems in Wind Power
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of a Hybrid System
8.2.1 Advantages of Hybrid System
8.2.2 Disadvantages of a Hybrid System
8.3 Configuration of Hybrid Systems
8.3.1 Architecture of DC Bus
8.3.2 Architecture of AC Bus
8.3.3 Architecture of DC/AC Bus
8.3.4 Comparison of the Three Configurations
8.3.5 Classifications of Hybrid Energy Systems
8.4 Different Combinations of Hybrid Systems
8.4.1 Hybrid Wind/Photovoltaic System
8.4.2 Hybrid Wind/Photovoltaic/Diesel Generator System
8.4.3 Hybrid Photovoltaic/Wind/Hydro System
8.4.4 Hybrid Photovoltaic/Wind/Fuel Cell System
8.5 Conclusion
References
9 Examples and Importance of Wind Systems
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Some Examples of Wind Turbines
9.2.1 Wind Turbine of 600 W
9.3 Importance of the Growing New Projects of WECSs in the World
9.4 Conclusion
10 Power Management Control of Wind Energy Conversion Systems
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Advantages and Drawbacks
10.3 Examples of Some PMC of Wind Systems
10.3.1 Wind/Battery System
10.3.2 Wind/PV/Battery System
10.3.3 Wind/Diesel/Battery System
10.3.4 Wind/Hydrogen/Battery System
10.3.5 Wind Power Generation System with Compressed Air Energy Storage
10.3.6 Wind/Hydroelectric/Battery System
10.3.7 Wind/Flywheel System
10.3.8 Wind/Supercapacitor Energy Storage
10.3.9 WTb/Battery/Flywheel
10.3.10 WTb/Battery/Diesel Generator
10.3.11 Wind Turbine/Battery/Supercapacities
10.3.12 WTb/Battery/Fuel Cells
10.4 Conclusion
References