Why States Matter in Economic Development (Routledge Explorations in Development Studies)

✍ Scribed by Jawied Nawabi

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 259
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book examines the underlying conditions that give rise to states that are effective, efficient, and bureaucratically inclusive with their developmental policies.

In spite of humanity’s significant advancements in science, technology and institutionalization of universal human rights conventions in the last seven decades, many countries are still failing to achieve successful development results. As a result, enormous levels of inequality, poverty, and malnutrition prevail. This book focuses on the role of the state in the political economy of development, tracing the socio-economic origins of effective state institutions from a comparative historical-institutional perspective. Drawing on the case studies of South Korea, Brazil, India, Spain, France, and England, the study looks at how good state institutions form, and why these are central to the socioeconomic advancement of their populations. The book contends that effective developmental states are those in which state actors are able to effectively diminish and co-opt the power of the country’s landed elites during the early years of state building. Effectively, the power balance between these two classes determines the developmental trajectory of the state. Considering agrarian reform as the foremost indispensable policy tool to open conditions for positive changes in effective taxation, education, healthcare, and strategic sustainable industrial policies, this analysis offers a significant contribution to the literature on the sociology of institutions and the political economy of development.

As well as being a key reading for advanced students and researchers in these areas, this book draws real-life policy lessons for practitioners and policy makers in the developing world.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 The Argument of the Book in Brief
1.1.2 Brief Review of the International Context After WWII
1.2 The Debate On the Place and Role of the State in Capitalism
1.3 The First Question: What Kind of Bureaucratic Form Do States That Enable Growth and Development Have?
1.3.1 Four Books of Note Focusing On the Importance of Agrarian Relations in Understanding State-Building Results
1.4 The Second Question: What Conditions Are Conducive for Developmental States to Grow Such Bureaucratic Structures?
1.4.1 The Core Argument of This Book
1.5 Chapter Summaries
1.6 Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
2 Methodology and Definitions
2.1 Introduction and Definitions
2.1.1 The Developmental State
2.1.2 The Role of Geopolitical Factors in Shaping Third-World State Formation
2.1.3 Landlords
2.1.4 The Spider-Web Network of Landlords
2.1.5 The Five Mechanisms That Enable Landlords’ Influence and Power
2.1.6 State Formation Versus State Building
2.2 Methodology
2.2.1 The Colonial Land Settlement Patterns of North America Versus Central and South America
2.2.2 The Main Research Sources of This Book
2.2.3 The Limits of the Argument
2.2.4 Differences in European and Non-European State Development
2.2.5 Three Types of Colonialism
2.2.6 Settler Colonialism
2.2.7 Direct Rule
2.2.8 Indirect Rule
2.3 Summary and Conclusion
Bibliography
3 The Lessons of European State Formation for the Developing Countries
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The General Pattern of European State Formation and State Building
3.3 The Three Short Cases of Spain, France, and Britain
3.3.1 Spain
3.3.2 The Reconquest: The Path Dependency of Land Inequality in Southern Spain
3.3.3 France
3.3.4 Britain
3.4 Summary and Conclusion
Bibliography
4 The Socioeconomic Origins of South Korea’s Developmental State and Its Agro-Industrial Path to Development
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Colonial Legacy of South Korea
4.2.1 Japanese Colonialism in Comparison
4.3 Economic Development as Structural Transformation
4.4 Mainstream Explanations for South Korea’s Developmental State
4.5 The South Korean Case
4.5.1 The US Occupation and Syngman Rhee’s Regime
4.5.2 Land Reform Opens Up a Critical Juncture for Developmental Institutions: The First Factor
4.5.3 General Park Chung Kee and the Socioeconomic Foundation of the Developmental State
4.5.4 Merit-Based Bureaucracy and Efficient Tax Administration: The Second Factor
4.5.5 The Strategic Coordination of National Development
4.5.6 The Agro-Industrial Path of Development
4.5.7 The Symbiotic Relations Between Agriculture and the Successful Transition to EOI
4.5.8 The Saemaul Undong Movement as Growth With Equity of the Developmental State
4.5.9 Timing and Sequence of Policies of the Developmental State Lead to Growth With Equity
4.6 Conclusion and Comparative Lessons Learned From the South Korean Case
Appendix
Note
Bibliography
5 Brazil’s Stunted Development: Neither Enough Order Nor Progress
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Brazil
5.2.1 The Brazilian Case: The Portuguese Colonial Legacy of Inequality and Stunted Development
5.2.2 Brazil’s Experience: Some Differences
5.2.3 Brazil’s Regional Differences and Their Level of Inequality
5.3 The Old Republic 1889–1930
5.4 The Vargas and Goulart Era 1930–1964
5.4.1 The Estado Novo, 1937–1945
5.4.2 Ending of Partial Democracy
5.5 Short History of Brazil’s Civil, Political, and Social Rights
5.6 The Military Dictatorship 1964–1985
5.6.1 “Conservative Modernization” as an Enclosure Act Against Brazilian Peasants
5.6.2 Establish New States to Overrepresent Landlords
5.7 How Landlords Have Prevented the Formation of the Developmental State: The Case of Northeast Brazil
5.8 Conclusion
Note
Bibliography
6 India: Only a Developmental State Can Provide Roti, Kapada, and Makaan (Bread, Clothes, and Shelter) for the Nation
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The British Colonial Legacy of India
6.2 India’s Presidencies and Their Land Policies
6.3 Hybrid Colonialism Building a Hybrid Colonial State
6.4 The Challenges of India at Independence 1947–1964
6.5 Why State Capacity Matters
6.6 State Formation Not State Building
6.6.1 The Years of Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi, and Rajiv Gandhi, 1964–1989
6.6.2 Regional Level Governments
6.7 The Patron–Client System of India’s State Governments as a Barrier to the Developmental State
6.7.1 Maharashtra
6.7.2 Uttar Pradesh
6.8 Recent Research On the Inverse Relations of Landlord Power and Low State Capacity Leading to Low Economic Development
6.8 Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
7 Conclusion and Transferrable Lessons
7.1 The Quality of State Matters
7.2 Effective Developmental States Require Being Embedded in Compatible Socioeconomic Relations
7.3 Who Are the Present-Day Landlords?
7.4 South Korea: Important General Sequence of Development Pattern and “History Does Matter”
7.5 The Three Parts of Successful Land Reforms
7.6 The Three Conditions for Building “Developmental States”
7.7 Timing and Sequence Matter in Development
7.8 Greater Equality Is More Conducive to Economic Growth and Development
7.9 Brazil and India
7.9.1 India’s Road to Prosperity Will Be Through Building a Developmental State
7.9.2 Brazil’s Promised Path to Order and Progress Requires the Developmental State
7.8 Lessons Learned From European State Building
7.9 Weberian State Institutions Are Most Efficient and Effective
7.10 Minimum Requirements for Economic Development: Taxation Capability, Security and Real Democratic Accountability
7.11 Reform Policies Without Structural Changes Is Insufficient Advice
Note
Bibliography
Index