Well logging and formation evaluation

✍ Scribed by Toby Darling

• Publisher: Elsevier
• Year: 2005
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 335
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This hand guide in the Gulf Drilling Guides series offers practical techniques that are valuable to petrophysicists and engineers in their day-to-day jobs. Based on the author's many years of experience working in oil companies around the world, this guide is a comprehensive collection of techniques and rules of thumb that work.The primary functions of the drilling or petroleum engineer are to ensure that the right operational decisions are made during the course of drilling and testing a well, from data gathering, completion and testing, and thereafter to provide the necessary parameters to enable an accurate static and dynamic model of the reservoir to be constructed. This guide supplies these, and many other, answers to their everyday problems. There are chapters on NMR logging, core analysis, sampling, and interpretation of the data to give the engineer a full picture of the formation. There is no other single guide like this, covering all aspects of well logging and formation evaluation, completely updated with the latest techniques and applications. · A valuable reference dedicated solely to well logging and formation evaluation.· Comprehensive coverage of the latest technologies and practices, including, troubleshooting for stuck pipe, operational decisions, and logging contracts.· Packed with money-saving and time saving strategies for the engineer working in the field.

✦ Table of Contents

Introduction......Page 9
1.1 Terminology......Page 10
1.2 Basic Log Types......Page 12
1.3 Logging Contracts......Page 18
1.4 Preparing a Logging Programme......Page 20
1.5 Operational Decisions......Page 23
1.6 Coring......Page 25
1.7 Wellsite Mud Logging......Page 30
1.8 Testing/Production Issues......Page 33
2.1 Basic Quality Control......Page 38
2.2 Identifying the Reservoir......Page 39
2.3 Identifying the Fluid Type and Contacts......Page 41
2.4 Calculating the Porosity......Page 43
2.5 Calculating Hydrocarbon Saturation......Page 46
2.6 Presenting the Results......Page 49
2.7 Pressure/Sampling......Page 51
2.8 Permeability Determination......Page 54
3.1 Net Sand Definition......Page 58
3.2 Porosity Calculation......Page 60
3.3 Archie Saturation......Page 62
3.4 Permeability......Page 63
4. Saturation/Height Analysis......Page 68
4.1 Core Capillary Pressure Analysis......Page 69
4.2 Log-Derived Functions......Page 73
5.1 Shaly Sand Analysis......Page 76
5.2 Carbonates......Page 82
5.3 Multi-Mineral/Statistical Models......Page 83
5.4 NMR Logging......Page 85
5.5 Fuzzy Logic......Page 94
5.6 Thin Beds......Page 96
5.7 Thermal Decay Neutron Interpretation......Page 102
5.8 Error Analyses......Page 105
5.9 Borehole Corrections......Page 110
6.1 Synthetic Seismograms......Page 112
6.2 Fluid Replacement Modelling......Page 117
6.3 Acoustic/Elastic Impedance Modelling......Page 119
7. Rock Mechanics Issues......Page 124
8. Value Of Information......Page 128
9. Equity Determinations......Page 134
9.1 Basis for Equity Determination......Page 135
9.2 Procedures/Timing for Equity Determination......Page 136
9.3 The Role of the Petrophysicist......Page 138
10. Production Geology Issues......Page 146
10.1 Understanding Geological Maps......Page 149
10.2 Basic Geological Concepts......Page 156
11.1 Behavior of Gases......Page 164
11.2 Behavior of Oil/Wet Gas Reservoirs......Page 168
11.3 Material Balance......Page 171
11.4 Darcy’s Law......Page 172
11.5 Well Testing......Page 175
12.1 Magnetostatic Homing-in......Page 180
12.2 Electromagnetic Homing-in......Page 194
13.1 Well Deviation......Page 202
13.2 Surveying......Page 204
13.3 Geosteering......Page 206
13.4 Horizontal Wells Drilled above a Contact......Page 212
13.5 Estimating the Productivity Index for Long Horizontal Wells......Page 214
Appendix 1: Test Well 1 Data Sheet......Page 216
Appendix 2: Additional Data for Full Evaluation......Page 224
Appendix 3: Solutions to Exercises......Page 227
Appendix 4: Additional Mathematics Theory......Page 260
Appendix 5: Abbreviations and Acronyms......Page 273
Appendix 6: Useful Conversion Units and Constants......Page 277
Appendix 7: Contractor Tool Mnemonics......Page 280
Bibliography......Page 318
About the Author......Page 322
Acknowledgments......Page 323
Index......Page 324