Content: Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Historical Development
1.2 Objectives and Organization of the Book
Chapter 2: Characterization of Hydrometeors
2.1 Physical and Statistical Properties
2.1.1 Rain
2.1.1.1 Drop Size Distribution
2.1.1.2 Drop Shape
2.1.1.3 Terminal Velocity
2.1.2 Snow
2.1.2.1 Snow Particle Size Distribution
2.1.2.2 Snow Bulk Density
2.1.2.3 Melting Models
2.1.3 Hail and Graupel
2.1.4 Cloud Water and Ice
2.2 Electromagnetic Properties 2.2.1 Dielectric Constant2.2.2 Dielectric Constant for a Lossy Medium
2.2.3 Debye Formula
2.2.4 Dielectric Constant for a Mixture of Two and Three Materials
Appendix 2A: Fitting Procedures for DSD Models: Marshall-Palmer Distribution
Appendix 2B: Fitting Procedures for DSD Models: Exponential Distribution
Appendix 2C: Fitting Procedures for DSD Models: Gamma Distribution
Chapter 3: Wave Scattering by a Single Particle
3.1 Wave and Electromagnetic Wave
3.1.1 Vibration and Wave
3.1.2 Phasor Representation of Time-Harmonic Waves
3.1.3 EM Wave
3.1.4 Wave Polarization and Representation 3.1.4.1 Linear Polarization3.1.4.2 Circular Polarization
3.1.4.3 Elliptical Polarization
3.2 Scattering Fundamentals
3.2.1 Scattering Amplitude, Scattering Matrix, and Scattering Cross Sections
3.3 Rayleigh Scattering
3.3.1 Original Statement
3.3.2 Scattering as Dipole Radiation
3.4 Mie Scattering Theory
3.4.1 Conceptual Description
3.4.2 Mathematical Expression and Sample Results
3.5 Scattering Calculations for a Nonspherical Particle
3.5.1 Basic Nonspherical Shape: Spheroid
3.5.2 Rayleigh Scattering Approximation for Spheroids
3.5.3 T-Matrix Method 3.5.4 Other Numerical Methods for Scattering Calculations3.6 Scattering for Arbitrary Orientations
3.6.1 Scattering Formulation through Coordinate Transformation
3.6.2 General Expression for Rayleigh Scattering
3.6.3 Backscattering Matrix for a Spheroid
3.6.4 Forward Scattering Alignment versus Backscattering Alignment
3.6.5 Scattering Matrix by a Spheroid with Any Orientation
Appendix 3A: Derivation of Optical Theorem (Forward Scattering Theorem)
Appendix 3B: Vector Spherical Wave Harmonics
Chapter 4: Scattering and Propagation in Clouds and Precipitation
4.1 Scattering Models 4.2 Single Scattering Model4.2.1 Coherent Addition Approximation
4.2.2 Mean Wave Field
4.2.3 Wave Intensity and Independent Scattering
4.2.4 Time-Correlated Scattering
4.2.5 PDF of Scattered Wave Fields
4.2.5.1 Single-Polarization Wave Field
4.2.5.2 Dual-Polarization Wave Fields
4.2.6 Polarimetric Radar Variables
4.3 Coherent Wave Propagation
4.3.1 Concept of Effective Medium
4.3.2 Scalar Wave Propagation
4.3.3 Polarized Wave Propagation
4.3.3.1 No Canting Angle
4.3.3.2 Random Orientation with Zero Means
4.3.3.3 General Formulation for Coherent Wave Propagation