Wave Propagation, Scattering and Emission in Complex Media

✍ Scribed by Ya-Qiu Jin

• Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated
• Year: 2004
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 478
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Papers prepared for an International Workshop on Wave Propagation, Scattering and Emission scheduled to be held in Shanghai, 1-4 June 2003 but cancelled due to the SARS epidemic.

✦ Table of Contents

Contents
Preface
I. Polarimetric Scattering and SAR Imagery
EM Wave Propagation and Scattering in Polarimetric SAR Interferometry S.R. Cloude
1. Introduction
2. COHERENT VECTOR INSAR MODEL
3. MULTI-LAYER COHERENT SCATTERING MODEL
4.POLARIMETRIC SURFACE SCATTERING MODELS FOR INSAR
5. TWO-LAYER COHERENCE MODEL FOR VEGETATED TERRAIN
6.DUAL BASELINE PROCESSING
7.DUAL FREQUENCY REGULARISATION
8. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Terrain Topographic Inversion from Single-Pass Polarimetric S A R Image Data by Using Polarimetric Stokes Parameters and Morphological Algorithm Y. Q. Jin, L. Luo
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE SHIFT OF ORIENTATION ANGLE AS A FUNCTION OF STOKES PARAMETERS
3. THE RANGE AND AZIMUTH ANGLES FROM EULER ANGLES TRANSFORMATION
4. THE AZIMUTH ANGLE OF EVERY PIXEL IN SAR IMAGE
5. AN EXAMPLE OF ALGORITHM IMPLEMETATION
6. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Road Detection in Forested Area Using Polarimetric SAR G.W Dong, J. Yang, Z.N. Peng, C. Wang, H.Zhang
1.Introduction
2. Polarimetric Parameters
2.2 Polarimetric Entropy
3. The Proposed Method
4. Calculation Result and Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Research on Some Problems about SAR Radiometric Resolution G.Dong, M. H. Zhu, X. Y Tian, J. Y. Fan
1. Preface
2. Definitions of radiometric resolution
3. The influence of the correlation of samples to radiometric resolution
4. The relation between spatial resolution and radiometric resolution
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
A Fast Image Matching Algorithm for Remote Sensing Applications Z.Q. Hou, C.Z. Han, L. Zheng, X. Kang
1. Introduction
2. Algorithm Description
2.1 Circle template selection
2.2 Algorithm steps
2.2.1 Coarse matching In order to obtain the point
2.2.2 Fine matching
3. Simulation results and Comparative Research
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Reference
A New Algorithm of Noised Remote Sensing Image Fusion Based on Steerable Filters X . Kang, L. Zheng, C.Z. Hun, Q. Ma, C.H. Zhao
1. Transform with Steerable Filters
1.1 Design of quadrature pair of steerable filter
1.2 Local oriented energy analysis
2. Fusion Algorithm of Noised Remote Sensing Images
2.1 Image denoising based on steerable filters
2.2 Remote sensing image fusion base on steerable filters
3. Experiment Results
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Adaptive Noise Reduction of InSAR Data Based on Anisotropic Diffusion Models and Their Applications to Phase Unwrapping C. Wang, X . Gao, H. Zhang
1. Introduction
2. Phase Unwrapping with phase noise treatment
A. Phase unwrapping concept
B. Phase noise traits
C. The algorithms of phase unwrapping
3. The Filtering analysis of anisotropic diffusion models
A. The evolution of PDE image application
B. Numerical schemes
C. Digital TV filtering
4. Numerical examples and conclusions
References
II. Scattering from Randomly Rough Surfaces
Modeling Tools for Backscattering from Rough Surfaces A. K. Fung, K.S. Chen
1. INTRODUCTION
2. The Backscattering Model
3. APPLICATION OF THE X-POWER CORRELATION
3.1 Theoretical trends for like polarization with x-power correlation
Eflects of changing x
Efects of rms height
Efects of correlation length
Efeects of frequency
3.2 Comparison with Measurements and Simulations
Comparisons with field measurements
Comparisons with simulations
4. EXPONENTIAL-LIKE CORRELATION
4.1 Theoretical trends for exponential-like correlation
Efects of changing x
Effects of frequency
4.2 Comparison with measurements
5. A TWO-SCALE CORRELATION FUNCTION
6. DISCUSSIONS
7. REFERENCES
Pseudo-Nondiffracting Beams from Rough Surface Scattering E.R. Mendez, T.A. Leskova, A.A. Maradudin
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
APPENDIX. THE R-DEPENDENCE OF (| (X| )sc/2)
Surface Roughness Clutter Effects in GPR Modeling and Detection C. Rappaport
1. Introduction
2. Target Shape Scattering Characteristics
3. Rough Surface Modeling Results
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Scattering from Rough Surfaces with Small Slopes M. Saillard, G. Soriano
1. Introduction
2. A boundary integral formalism
3. The Method of Moments
4. The Small Slope approximation
5. Impedance approximation
6. Numerical results
7. Conclusion
References
Polarization and Spectral Characteristics of Radar Signals Reflected by Sea-surface V.A. Butko, V.A. Khlusov, L.I. Sharygina
Equipment and philosophy of measurement
Spectral characteristics of co- and cross-polarized components of back-scattering
Polarization characteristics of back-scattering
Conclusion
Simulation of Microwave Scattering from Wind-Driven Ocean Surfaces M. Y. Xia, C.H. Chan, G. Soriano, M. Saillard
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THEORY
2.1 Single Integral Equation (SIE) Formulation
2.2 Multilevel Sparse-Matrix Canonical-Grid (MSMCG) Method
2.3 Alternate Approximation Methods
2.4 Beam Decomposition Technique (BDT)
2.5 Parallel Computing
3. NUMERICAL EXAMPLES
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS
References
HF Surface Wave Radar Tests at the Eastern China Sea X.B. Wu, F. Cheng, S. C. Wu, Z. J. Yang, B.Y. Wen, Z.H. Shi, J.S. Tian, H. Y. Ke, H.T. Goa
1. Introduction
2. About the OSMAR2000 System
3. DOA Estimation Algorithms
3.1 MUSIC Algorithm
3.2 MVM Algorithm
4. Ship Detection Result
5. Sea State Detection Results
6. Conclusion
References
III. Electromagnetics of Complex Materials
Wave Propagation in Plane-Parallel Metamaterial and Constitutive Relations A. Ishimaru, J. Thomas, S. W Lee, Z Kuga
1 TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL WITH NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX
2 NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX AND BEHAVIOR OF kz1 AND kz2
3 SPECTRUM OF A LINE SOURCE AND ITS IMAGE
4 LIMITATION ON PERFECT LENS
5 REFLECTION, TRANSMISSION AND EXCITATION OF A SLAB OF ARBITRARY PERMIT- TIVITY AND PERMEABILITY
6 GENERALIZED CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS FOR METAMATERIALS BASED ON THE QUASI-STATIC LORENTZ THEORY
7 FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM
8 INTERACTION MATRIX
9 QUASI-STATIC CALCULATION OF Je AND Jm
10 SPLIT RING RESONATOR
11 CHIRAL MEDIUM CONSISTING OF AN ARRAY OF HELICES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Two Dimensional Periodic Approach for the Study of Left-Handed Metamaterials T.M. Grzegorczyk, L. Ran, X . Zhang, K. Chen, X. Chen, J.A. Kong
1 Introduction
2 Formulation of the problem
3 Evaluation of the periodic Green’s function
4 Numerical results for rods and SRRs
5 Experimental measurements of metamaterials
6 Conclusion
References
Numerical Analysis of the Effective Constitutive Parameters of a Random Medium Containing Small Chiral Spheres Y. Nanbu, T. Matsuoka, M. Tateiba
1. INTRODUCTION
2. EFFECTIVE PROPERTIES OF CHIRAL MIXTURE
3. NUMERICAL RESULTS
4. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Wave Propagation in Inhomogeneous Media: From the Helmholtz to the Ginzburg -Landau Equation M. Gitterman
References
Transformation of the Spectrum of Scattered Radiation in Randomly Inhomogeneous Absorptive Plasma Layer G. R Jandieri, G.D. Aburjunia, RG. Jandieri
1. Introduction
2. Formulation of the problem
3. Statistical characteristics of received radiation by using complex geometrical optics
4. Numerical analysis of the power spectrum
5. Conclusion
References
Numerical Analysis of Microwave Heating on Saponification Reaction K. Huang, K. Jia
1. Introduction
2. Saponification Reaction and Experimental System
1. Saponification reaction
2. Experimental System
3. Dynamic Equations
4. Calculation Model
5. Measured and calculated results
Acknowledgement
References
IV. Scattering from Complex Targets
Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering from Layered Crossed-Gratings of Circular Cylinders Using Lattice Sums Technique K. Yasumoto, H. T Jia
1. INTRODUCTION
2. FORMULATION
2.1 Z-Array
2.2 X-Array
2.3 Crossed-Array
2.4 Layered Crossed-Arrays
3. NUMERICAL RESULTS
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS
Acknowledgment
REFERENCES
Scattering by a Body in a Random Medium M. Tateiba, Z.Q. Meng, H. El-Ocla
1 Introduction
2 Formulation
3 Numerical Results
3.1 Bistatic RCS
3.2 Monostatic RCS
4 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
A Rigorous Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering from Multilayered Crossed-arrays of Metallic Cylinders H. T. Jia, K. Yasumoto
1 Introduction
2 Formulation
2.1 Z-Array
2.2 X-array
2.3 Crossed-array
2.4 Recursive process for calculating generalized reflection and transmission matrices
3 Numerical Examples
4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgment
REFERENCES
Vector Models of Non-stable and Spatially-distributed Radar Objects A. Surkov, R A. Khlusov, L. Ligthart, G. Sharygin
1. Physical model of a spatially-distributed object and its mathematical description
2. Response function of a spatially-distributed object
3. Model of the vector signal scattered by a spatially-distributed object
4. Conclusion
References
Simulation of Algorithm of Orthogonal Signals Forming and Processing Used to Estimate Back Scattering Matrix of Non-stable Radar Objects D. Nosov, A. Surkov, V A. Khlusov, L. Ligthart, G. Sharygin
1. Signals used to estimate BSM
2. Algorithms of BSM elements estimation
3. Sources of BSM estimation errors
4. Simulation results in case of different complex (complicated) signals
5. Simulation results for temporary weighted signals
6.. Simulation results while frequency filtering of receiving signals is used
7.. Conclusion
References
New Features of Scattering from a Dielectric Film on a Reflecting Metal Substrate Z.H. Gu, Z.M. Fuks, M. Ciftan
1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Analysis
3. Experimental Results
4. Summary
Acknowledgements
References
A Higher Order FDTD Method for EM Wave Propagation in Collision Plasmas S.B. Liu, J. J. Mo, N. C. Yuan
1. Introduction
2. The FDTD Algorithm
3. Numerical Verification
4. Summary
References
V. Radiative Transfer and Remote Sensing
Simulating Microwave Emission from Antarctica Ice Sheet with a Coherent Model M. Tedesco, P. Pampaloni
Introduction
The Electromagnetic Model
The Glaciological Model and the Inputs for Electromagnetic Model at Dome C
Grain size
Fractional volume
Thermal properties
Simulation Results
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Scattering and Emission from Inhomogeneous Vegetation Canopy and Alien Target by Using Three-Dimensional Vector Radiative Transfer (3D-VRT) Equation Y.Q. Jin, Z.C. Liang
1. Introduction
2. The 3D - VRT equation
3. Scattering and radiative transfer of 3D-thin boxes
4. Numerical results
4.1 Homogeneous media
4.2 High-orders scattering and emission from inhomogeneous scatter media
4.3 Scattering and emission from an embedded alien target
4.4 Different Resolutions for target detection
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Analysis of Land Types Using High-resolution Satellite Images and Fractal Approach H.G. Zhang, WG. Huang, C.B. Zhou, D.L. Li, Q.M. Xiao
1. Introduction
2. Data and methodology
2.1 Study area and data
2.2 IKONOS image processing
2.3 Land types derived from IKONOS images
2.4 Indicators of the land types structure
2.5 Fractal method
2.6 Perimeter-area method
2.7 Measure-perimeter-area method
3. Results and analysis
3.1 Statistics of land types from IKONOS images
3.2 Effects of patch area
3.3 Fractal characters of land types
3.4 Test of difference of fractal character between every two land types
4. Discussions and conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Data Fusion of RADARSAT SAR and DMSP SSM/I for Monitoring Sea Ice of China’s Bohai Sea Y.Q. Jin
1. Introduction
2. Scattering and Emission of Sea Ice
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Retrieving Atmospheric Temperature Profiles from Simulated Microwave Radiometer Data with Artificial Neural Networks Z. G. Yao, H. B. Chen
1. Introduction
2. Neural Network Approaches
3. Simulating Brightness Temperatures
4. Retrieval Experiments and Results
4.1 Global Retrieval
4.2 Local Retrieval
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
VI. Wave Propagation and Wireless Communication
Wireless Propagation in Urban Environments: Modeling and Experimental Verification D. Erricolo, P.L.E. Uslenghi, Y. Xu, Q. W.
1 Introduction
2 The polygonal line simulator
2.1 Anechoic chamber experiments to measure the accuracy of the predication
2.1.1 Frequency domain measurement
2.1.2 Time domain measurement
2.2 Comparison with Cost-231, Zhang and Hata
3 A general method to study 2D propagation
3.1 The Method
3.2 Determination of the visibility
3.3 The graph theoretical model
4 A new 3D propagation method
5 Conclusion
6 Acknowledgement
References
An Overview of Physics-based Wave Propagation in Forested Environment K. Sarabandi, I. Koh
1. Introduction
2. All Terminals inside Forest
3. One Terminal outside Forest
Reference
Angle-of-arrival Fluctuations due to Meteorological Conditions in the Diffraction Zone of C-band Radio Waves, Propagated over the Ground Surface T.A.Tyufilina, A.A. Meschelyakov, M.V Krutikov
Brief description of the investigated radio path.
Principles of instrumentations and angles-of-arrival processing.
Contiguous meteorologically data and weather patterns.
The general description of experimental data.
The relationship between weather patterns and experimental data.
Summary.
Simulating Radio Channel Statistics Using Ray Based Prediction Codes H.L. Bertoni
I. Introduction
II. Computer Codes for Ray Tracing
III. Predictions of Delay and Angle Spread
IV. Finger Statistics for CDMA Rate Receivers
V. Conclusions
VI. References
Measurement and Simulation of Ultra Wideband Antenna Elements W Sorgel, W Wiesbeck
Introduction
Antenna Model
Measurement of Transient Response
UWB Antenna Concepts for Communications
Vivaldi Antenna
Logarithmic Periodic Dipole Array (LPDA)
Spiral Antenna
Summary
References
The Experimental Investigation of a Ground-placed Radio Complex Synchronization System V.P. Denisov, V.Y. Lebedev, D.E. Kolesnikov, V.G. Komienko, M.V. Krutikov
References
VII. Computational Electromagnetics
Analysis of 3-D Electromagnetic Wave Scattering with the Krylov Subspace FFT Iterative Methods R.S. Chen, Z.H. Fan, D.Z. Ding, E.K.N. Yung
1. Introduction
2. Theory Analysis
3. Numerical Results and Discussions
A. Cube
B. Sphere
C. Finite-length Cylinder
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgement
Reference
Sparse Approximate Inverse Preconditioned Iterative Algorithm with Block Toeplitz Matrix for Fast Analysis of Microstrip Circuits . L. Mo, R.S. Chen, E. K.N. Yung
1. Introduction
2. Theory Analysis
A. Block Diagonal Matrix Preconditioner
B. SSOR preconditioning
C. Sparse Approximate Invert Preconditioner
D. Wavelet Based Sparse Approximate Inverse Preconditioner
3. Results and Discussions
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
An Efficient Modified Interpolation Technique for the Translation Operators in MLFMA J. Hu, Z.P. Nie, G.X. Zou
1.Introduction
2. Fast Legendre Expansion Algorithm (FLEA)
3. Modified Lagrange Interpolation Technique (MLIT)
4.Numerical Results and Discussions
5. Conclusions
References
Efficient Solution of 3-D Vector Electromagnetic Scattering by CG-MLFMA with Partly Approximate Iteration J. Hu, Z. P. Nie
1. Introduction
2. Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm (MLFMA)
3. Partly Approximate Iteration (PAI) Technique
4. Numerical Results and Discussions
5. Conclusions
References
The Effective Constitution at Interface of Different Media L. G. Zheng, WX. Zhang
1. Introduction
2. General steps to compute the effective medium
3. Effective medium parameters in a grid across two bi-anisotropic media
4. Effective medium parameters in a grid across two bi-isotropic media
5. Effective dyadic permittivity in a grid across two anisotropic media
6. Effective permittivity in a grid across two isotropic media
7. Conclusion
References
Novel Basis Functions for Quadratic Hexahedral Edge Element Liu, J. D. Xu, W. Wan, ZQ. Jin
1 Kameari’s vector basis functions
2 New vector basis functions
3 Orthogonality analysis
4 Numerical validation
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
A Higher Order FDTD Method for EM Wave Propagation in Collision Plasmas S.B. Liu, J. J. Mo, N. C. Yuan
1. Introduction
2. The FDTD Algorithm
3. Numerical Verification
4. Summary
References
Attenuation of Electric Field Eradiated by Underground Source J. P. Dong, Z G. Gao
1. Introduction
2. LF Electric Field eradiated by a unit electric current source underground
3. Attenuation of Electric Field
4. Discussion
References:
Author Index