Water Quality Modeling That Works

✍ Scribed by Wu-Seng Lung

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 320
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book offers a practical guidance for environmental engineers and scientists charged with assessing the cause-and-effect of pollutants in receiving water systems. Instead of blindly running models, which is a practice seen too often in today’s field that can result in results with uncertainty, modelers must first understand the physical insights of the specific water systems in order to properly calibrate the parameters of the models. This book reinforces the critical importance of properly understanding the physical attributes of water systems by drawing on the author’s extensive experience in modeling with strong data support. This is also what sets this book apart from the volumes currently available in the water quality modeling field – nearly all other books in the field are categorized as textbooks, and unlike this book, offer few practical examples or exercises to follow. Environmental engineers and scientists engaged in quantifying the water quality impacts of pollutants tospecific water systems will find this book valuable in their day-to-day practices. This book is a necessary volume for water quality engineers and scientists to consult for the regulatory planning and management of water systems

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Abbreviations
1 Challenges in Modeling for Water Quality Management
1.1 The Potomac Estuary Algal Bloom
1.2 Searching for Additional Phosphorus Sources
1.3 pH Rise During the Bloom
1.4 Impact of Nitrification in Wastewater
1.5 Environmental Conditions to Kick-Off the Bloom
1.6 Model Enhancement
1.7 Summary and Conclusions
1.8 Setting the Stage for This Book
References
2 Data Analysis
2.1 Data Screening—Lake Peipsi and Vrhovo Reservoir
2.2 Algae/DO/pH Interactions
2.3 Arsenic in the Patuxent Estuary
2.4 Minimum Flow to Protect Water Quality
2.5 Water Quality Improvement Following Treatment Upgrade
2.6 Trophic State Analysis
2.7 Mass Transport in Receiving Waters
2.7.1 Hydraulic Geometry
2.7.2 Time of Travel
2.7.3 Using Dye Data to Derive Dispersion Coefficients
2.7.4 Confirmation of Mass Transport Coefficients
2.8 In-Stream BOD Deoxygenation
2.9 Nonpoint Source Loads
2.10 Light Attenuation
2.11 High COD and BOD Loads
2.11.1 Data to Support Modeling Analysis
References
3 River BOD/DO Modeling at New Normal
3.1 BOD in Wastewater
3.2 BOD in Receiving Water
3.3 Multiple BOD Discharges
3.4 Spatially Variable Deoxygenation Rates
3.5 The Danshui River Versus the Upper Mississippi River
3.6 Algal Biomass in BOD
3.7 Amount of DO Consumption
3.8 Long-Term BOD Test: Sample Collection and Lab Procedures
3.9 Dissolved Oxygen Modeling of the Yamuna River
3.10 In-Stream CBOD Deoxygenation Rate Summary
3.11 BOD/DO Modeling Recap
References
4 Nutrients, Algae, and DO
4.1 Modeling for Nutrient Control
4.2 Nonlinear Nutrient Kinetics
4.3 Chorophyll a Endpoint
4.4 Dissolved Oxygen Endpoint
4.4.1 Eutrophication in the Patuxent Estuary
4.4.2 Response to Nutrient Reductions
4.4.3 Watershed Nutrient Control
4.4.4 Water Quality Management Questions
4.5 Estuarine Turbidity Maximum
4.6 Mass Transport Limiting Algal Growth
4.7 Lake Phosphorus Modeling and Response Time
4.8 Reservoir Eutrophication Modeling
4.8.1 Vrhovo Reservoir in Slovenia
4.8.2 Taiwan Reservoirs
4.8.3 Maryland Reservoirs
4.8.4 Modeling DO Oversaturation
4.9 Sediment Systems in Long-Term Simulations
4.10 Algae and Dissolved Oxygen
4.11 Eutrophication Modeling Recap
References
5 Modeling Analysis for pH
5.1 Carbonate Equilibrium and Mass Balance
5.2 Carbon Dioxide Exchange Across the Air–Water Interface
5.3 Recovery from Acid Mine Drainage
5.4 pH Affected by Microbial Processes
5.5 Stream Diurnal pH Variations
5.6 Lake Acidification Modeling
References
6 Coliforms, Pathogens, and Viruses
6.1 Coliforms
6.2 Coliform Die-Off Rate
6.3 Fecal Coliform Modeling of the Tidal Basin and Washington Ship Channel
6.3.1 Coliform Bacteria Die off
6.3.2 Sediment–Water Partition of Fecal Coliforms
6.3.3 Settling of Attached Fecal Coliform in Water Column
6.3.4 Resuspension of Fecal Coliform in Sediment Bed
6.3.5 Fecal Coliform Transport in Sediment and Across Sediment–Water Interface
6.3.6 Hydrodynamic Computations
6.4 E. Coli Modeling of Beaches
References
7 Modeling Toxics and Emerging Chemicals
7.1 Estrogens and Pharmaceuticals
7.2 Natural Attenuation of Pharmaceuticals
7.3 Estrogens in Watersheds
7.3.1 The South River Watershed
7.3.2 Tracking Estrogen Wash-Off Following Rainfall Events
7.4 Fate and Transport Modeling of Copper and Cadmium in the Patuxent Estuary
7.5 Modeling Arsenic in the Patuxent Estuary
7.6 Sorption Kinetics of Pharmaceuticals
7.6.1 Time to Sorption Equilibrium
7.6.2 Sorption/Desorption Kinetics and Isotherms of TCS and ENR
References
8 Mixing Zone Modeling
8.1 Mixing Small Wastewater Flow with Receiving Water
8.2 Turbulence-Induced Mixing
8.3 Regulatory Terms: CMC, CCC, and WET
8.4 Mixing Zones in Tidal Freshwater
8.5 Thermal Mixing Zones
8.6 Derivation of Dispersion Coefficients
8.7 Limitation and Enhancement
References
9 Making It Work
9.1 Model Calibration and Verification
9.2 Model Post-audit
9.3 Open Boundary Conditions
9.4 Mass Transport Modeling—a Necessary Step
9.5 Computational Frameworks and Model Accuracy
9.6 Monitoring to Support Modeling
9.7 Closing the Loop
References