Water and Wastewater Engineering

✍ Scribed by Mackenzie Davis

• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Professional; 1 edition
• Year: 2010
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 1278
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

An In-Depth Guide to Water and Wastewater EngineeringThis authoritative volume offers comprehensive coverage of the design and construction of municipal water and wastewater facilities. The book addresses water treatment in detail, following the flow of water through the unit processes and coagulation, flocculation, softening, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, and residuals management. Each stage of wastewater treatment--preliminary, secondary, and tertiary--is examined along with residuals management. Water and Wastewater Engineering contains more than 100 example problems, 500 end-of-chapter problems, and 300 illustrations. Safety issues and operation and maintenance procedures are also discussed in this definitive resource.

✦ Table of Contents

Contents......Page 16
Preface......Page 9
1 The Design and Construction Processes......Page 25
1-2 Project Participants......Page 26
1-3 The Professional–Client Relationship and The Code of Ethics......Page 27
1-4 Responsible Care......Page 33
1-5 Overall Design Process......Page 34
1-6 Overall Construction Process......Page 43
1-7 Hints from the Field......Page 47
1-9 Problems......Page 48
1-10 Discussion Questions......Page 49
1-11 References......Page 50
2 General Water Supply Design Considerations......Page 52
2-1 Water Demand......Page 53
2-2 Water Source Evaluation......Page 58
2-3 Water Quality......Page 73
2-5 Plant Sizing and Layout......Page 88
2-7 Chapter Review......Page 90
2-8 Problems......Page 91
2-9 Discussion Questions......Page 96
2-10 References......Page 97
3 Intake Structures......Page 98
3-2 Design Elements......Page 99
3-3 Design Criteria......Page 105
3-4 Operational Considerations......Page 128
3-5 Operation and Maintenance......Page 131
3-6 Chapter Review......Page 132
3-7 Problems......Page 133
3-9 References......Page 138
4 Wells......Page 139
4-2 Design Elements......Page 140
4-3 Well Protection......Page 141
4-4 Well Design......Page 153
4-5 Chapter Review......Page 179
4-6 Problems......Page 180
4-8 References......Page 189
5 Chemical Handling and Storage......Page 191
5-3 Delivery, Handling, and Storage......Page 192
5-4 Chemical Feed and Metering Systems......Page 197
5-6 Materials Compatibility......Page 204
5-8 Operation and Maintenance......Page 207
5-9 Chapter Review......Page 211
5-10 Problems......Page 212
5-11 Discussion Questions......Page 214
5-12 References......Page 215
6 Coagulation and Flocculation......Page 216
6-1 Introduction......Page 217
6-2 Characteristics of Particles......Page 218
6-3 Coagulation Theory......Page 220
6-4 Coagulation Practice......Page 237
6-5 Flocculation Theory......Page 238
6-6 Mixing Theory......Page 239
6-7 Mixing Practice......Page 241
6-9 Chapter Review......Page 264
6-10 Problems......Page 265
6-11 Discussion Questions......Page 272
6-12 References......Page 273
7 Lime-Soda Softening......Page 275
7-1 Hardness......Page 276
7-2 Lime-Soda Softening......Page 280
7-3 Softening Processes......Page 285
7-4 Chemical Dosages Based on Stoichiometry......Page 289
7-5 Concurrent Removal of Other Constituents......Page 300
7-6 Process Configurations and Design Criteria......Page 301
7-8 Stabilization......Page 308
7-9 Chapter Review......Page 313
7-10 Problems......Page 314
7-11 Discussion Questions......Page 320
7-12 References......Page 321
8 Ion Exchange......Page 322
8-2 Fundamental Concepts of Ion Exchange......Page 323
8-3 Process Operation......Page 331
8-4 Ion Exchange Practice......Page 334
8-5 Operation and Maintenance......Page 345
8-7 Problems......Page 346
8-8 Discussion Question......Page 349
8-9 References......Page 350
9 Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration......Page 351
9-1 Introduction......Page 352
9-2 Theory......Page 353
9-3 Properties of RO and NF Membranes......Page 356
9-4 RO and NF Practice......Page 358
9-6 Chapter Review......Page 368
9-7 Problems......Page 369
9-9 References......Page 370
10 Sedimentation......Page 372
10-2 Sedimentation Theory......Page 373
10-3 Sedimentation Practice......Page 391
10-4 Sedimentation Basin Design......Page 396
10-5 Operation and Maintenance......Page 409
10-6 Chapter Review......Page 410
10-7 Problems......Page 411
10-8 Discussion Questions......Page 414
10-9 References......Page 415
11 Granular Filtration......Page 416
11-2 An Overview of the Filtration Process......Page 417
11-3 Filter Media Characteristics......Page 420
11-4 Granular Filtration Theory......Page 424
11-5 Theory of Granular Filter Hydraulics......Page 427
11-6 Granular Filtration Practice......Page 435
11-7 Operation and Maintenance......Page 460
11-8 Chapter Review......Page 461
11-9 Problems......Page 462
11-10 Discussion Questions......Page 469
11-11 References......Page 470
12 Membrane Filtration......Page 472
12-1 Introduction......Page 473
12-2 Membrane Filtration Theory......Page 474
12-3 Properties of MF and UF Membranes......Page 478
12-4 MF and UF Practice......Page 484
12-6 Problems......Page 490
12-8 References......Page 492
13 Disinfection and Fluoridation......Page 494
13-2 Disinfection......Page 495
13-4 Fluoridation......Page 535
13-5 Operation and Maintenance......Page 539
13-6 Chapter Review......Page 540
13-7 Problems......Page 541
13-9 References......Page 548
14 Removal of Specific Constituents......Page 552
14-2 Arsenic......Page 553
14-3 Carbon Dioxide......Page 557
14-4 Fluoride......Page 559
14-5 Iron and Manganese......Page 562
14-6 Nitrate......Page 565
14-7 Natural Organic Material (NOM)......Page 566
14-8 Perchlorate......Page 569
14-9 Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds (EDCs)......Page 571
14-10 Radionuclides......Page 572
14-11 Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)......Page 573
14-12 Taste and Odor (T&O)......Page 582
14-13 Chapter Review......Page 587
14-14 Problems......Page 588
14-16 References......Page 591
15 Water Plant Residuals Management......Page 595
15-1 Introduction......Page 596
15-2 Solids Computations......Page 597
15-3 Solids Production and Characteristics......Page 600
15-4 Minimization of Residuals Generation......Page 605
15-5 Recovery of Treatment Chemicals......Page 607
15-7 Management of Sludges......Page 609
15-8 Management of Liquid Residuals......Page 638
15-9 Disposal of Specific Residuals Constituents......Page 639
15-10 Ultimate Disposal......Page 643
15-11 Chapter Review......Page 645
15-12 Problems......Page 646
15-13 Discussion Questions......Page 651
15-14 References......Page 652
16 Drinking Water Plant Process Selection and Integration......Page 654
16-2 Process Selection......Page 655
16-3 Process Integration......Page 669
16-4 Security......Page 684
16-5 Chapter Review......Page 688
16-6 Problems......Page 689
16-8 References......Page 700
17 Storage and Distribution Systems......Page 702
17-2 Demand Estimates......Page 703
17-3 Service Pressures......Page 710
17-4 Pipe Network Design......Page 711
17-5 Storage Tank Design......Page 723
17-6 Pump Selection......Page 733
17-7 Network Analysis......Page 737
17-8 Sanitary Protection......Page 739
17-9 Chapter Review......Page 741
17-10 Problems......Page 742
17-11 Discussion Questions......Page 751
17-12 References......Page 752
18 General Wastewater Collection and Treatment Design Considerations......Page 754
18-1 Wastewater Sources and Flow Rates......Page 755
18-2 Wastewater Characteristics......Page 760
18-3 Wastewater Treatment Standards......Page 764
18-4 Sludge Disposal Regulations......Page 767
18-5 Plant Sizing and Layout......Page 773
18-7 Chapter Review......Page 775
18-8 Problems......Page 776
18-9 Discussion Questions......Page 780
18-10 References......Page 781
19 Sanitary Sewer Design......Page 782
19-1 Introduction......Page 783
19-3 Gravity Sewer Collection System Design......Page 790
19-4 Alternatives Sewers......Page 809
19-5 Pump Station Design......Page 812
19-6 Operation and Maintenance......Page 820
19-7 Sewer Safety......Page 821
19-8 Chapter Review......Page 822
19-9 Problems......Page 823
19-11 References......Page 829
20 Headworks and Preliminary Treatment......Page 831
20-2 Pump Station......Page 832
20-3 Flow Measurement......Page 835
20-4 Bar Racks and Screens......Page 839
20-5 Coarse Solids Reduction......Page 853
20-6 Grit Removal......Page 855
20-7 Flow Equalization......Page 866
20-8 Alternative Preliminary Process Arrangements......Page 876
20-9 Chapter Review......Page 877
20-10 Problems......Page 878
20-12 References......Page 882
21 Primary Treatment......Page 884
21-2 Sedimentation Theory......Page 885
21-3 Sedimentation Practice......Page 886
21-4 Sedimentation Basin Design......Page 889
21-5 Other Primary Treatment Alternatives......Page 908
21-6 Chapter Review......Page 909
21-7 Problems......Page 910
21-8 References......Page 913
22 Wastewater Microbiology......Page 915
22-3 Classification of Microorganisms......Page 916
22-4 Microbial Biochemistry......Page 918
22-5 Population Dynamics......Page 924
22-6 Decomposition of Waste......Page 929
22-7 Microbiology of Secondary Treatment Unit Processes......Page 930
22-8 Operation and Maintenance......Page 938
22-9 Chapter Review......Page 939
22-10 Problems......Page 940
22-12 References......Page 942
23 Secondary Treatment by Suspended Growth Biological Processes......Page 944
23-2 Processes for BOD Removal and Nitrification......Page 945
23-3 Processes for Denitrification......Page 951
23-4 Processes for Phosphorus Removal......Page 953
23-5 Biological Treatment with Membrane Separation......Page 955
23-6 Suspended Growth Design Principles......Page 957
23-7 Suspended Growth Design Practice......Page 982
23-8 Membrane Bioreactor Design Practice......Page 1038
23-9 Chapter Review......Page 1041
23-10 Problems......Page 1042
23-11 Discussion Questions......Page 1052
23-12 References......Page 1056
24 Secondary Treatment by Attached Growth and Hybrid Biological Processes......Page 1059
24-2 Attached Growth Processes......Page 1060
24-3 Attached Growth Design Principles......Page 1062
24-4 Attached Growth Design Practice......Page 1064
24-5 Hybrid Processes......Page 1070
24-6 Chapter Review......Page 1072
24-7 Problems......Page 1073
24-8 References......Page 1074
25 Secondary Settling, Disinfection, and Postaeration......Page 1076
25-2 Secondary Settling......Page 1077
25-3 Disinfection......Page 1090
25-4 Postaeration......Page 1096
25-5 Chapter Review......Page 1097
25-6 Problems......Page 1098
25-7 Discussion Questions......Page 1099
25-8 References......Page 1100
26 Tertiary Treatment......Page 1101
26-2 Chemical Precipitation of Phosphorus......Page 1102
26-3 Granular Filtration......Page 1105
26-4 Membrane Filtration......Page 1110
26-5 Carbon Adsorption......Page 1112
26-6 Chapter Review......Page 1115
26-7 Problems......Page 1116
26-8 References......Page 1117
27 Wastewater Plant Residuals Management......Page 1119
27-1 Sludge Handling Alternatives......Page 1120
27-2 Sources and Characteristics of Solids and Biosolids......Page 1121
27-3 Solids Computations......Page 1124
27-4 Grit Handling and Sludge Pumping......Page 1129
27-5 Management of Solids......Page 1135
27-6 Storage and Thickening of Sludges......Page 1136
27-7 Alkaline Stabilization......Page 1141
27-8 Aerobic Digestion......Page 1145
27-9 Anaerobic Digestion......Page 1151
27-10 Sludge Conditioning......Page 1170
27-11 Dewatering......Page 1171
27-12 Alternative Disposal Techniques......Page 1176
27-13 Land Application and Biosolids......Page 1177
27-14 Chapter Review......Page 1178
27-15 Problems......Page 1179
27-16 References......Page 1186
28 Clean Water Plant Process Selection and Integration......Page 1188
28-2 Process Selection......Page 1189
28-3 Simulation Modeling......Page 1211
28-4 Process Integration......Page 1212
28-5 Chapter Review......Page 1218
28-6 Problems......Page 1221
28-7 References......Page 1223
Appendix A: Properties of Air, Water, and Selected Chemicals......Page 1224
Appendix B: U.S. Standard Sieve Sizes......Page 1234
Appendix C: Pipe, Fitting, and Valve Data......Page 1235
Appendix D: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Ct Values for Disinfectants......Page 1243
A......Page 1253
B......Page 1254
C......Page 1255
D......Page 1257
F......Page 1259
H......Page 1261
I......Page 1262
L......Page 1263
M......Page 1264
N......Page 1265
P......Page 1266
R......Page 1268
S......Page 1269
T......Page 1273
W......Page 1274
Z......Page 1275

✦ Subjects

Экологические дисциплины;Экология гидросферы;