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Vulnerability: Challenging Bioethics

✍ Scribed by Henk ten Have


Publisher
Routledge
Year
2016
Tongue
English
Leaves
265
Category
Library

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✦ Synopsis


Alongside globalization, the sense of vulnerability among people and populations has increased. We feel vulnerable to disease as new infections spread rapidly across the globe, while disasters and climate change make health increasingly precarious. Moreover, clinical trials of new drugs often exploit vulnerable populations in developing countries that otherwise have no access to healthcare and new genetic technologies make people with disabilities vulnerable to discrimination. Therefore the concept of β€˜vulnerability’ has contributed new ideas to the debates about the ethical dimensions of medicine and healthcare. This book explains and elaborates the new concept of vulnerability in today’s bioethics. Firstly, Henk ten Have argues that vulnerability cannot be fully understood within the framework of individual autonomy that dominates mainstream bioethics today: it is often not the individual person who is vulnerable, rather that his or her vulnerability is created through the social and economic conditions in which he or she lives. Contending that the language of vulnerability offers perspectives beyond the traditional autonomy model, this book offers a new approach which will enable bioethics to evolve into a global enterprise. This groundbreaking book critically analyses the concept of vulnerability as a global phenomenon. It will appeal to scholars and students of ethics, bioethics, globalization, healthcare, medical science, medical research, culture, law, and politics.

✦ Table of Contents


Cover......Page 1
Half Title......Page 2
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Dedication Page......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Chapter 1: The idea of vulnerability......Page 14
What is β€˜vulnerability’?......Page 16
Senior citizens......Page 17
Homelessness......Page 18
Vulnerable populations in research......Page 20
Vulnerable countries......Page 22
Three dimensions of vulnerability......Page 24
Vulnerability and bioethics......Page 26
Challenges to bioethics......Page 29
Notes......Page 30
Vulnerability in the scholarly literature......Page 33
Expanding vulnerability......Page 36
Security......Page 38
Resilience......Page 40
The use of vulnerability in ethics and bioethics......Page 41
The attractiveness of vulnerability discourse......Page 42
Conclusion......Page 45
Notes......Page 46
Chapter 3: Vulnerability in the context of health care and bioethics......Page 50
The birth certificate of vulnerability......Page 51
The background expert reports......Page 53
The CIOMS Guidelines......Page 56
The Declaration of Helsinki......Page 61
The Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights......Page 62
Status......Page 64
Content......Page 65
Scope......Page 66
Implications......Page 67
An indispensable concept for bioethics......Page 68
Notes......Page 69
Chapter 4: The bioethical discourse of vulnerability......Page 74
Vulnerability as bioethical notion......Page 76
Bioethical framing of vulnerability......Page 77
Prioritizing the principle of autonomy......Page 78
Neutralizing the principle of justice......Page 79
Diverging assessments of vulnerability......Page 80
Need for vulnerability as critical concept......Page 81
Vulnerability as heuristic tool......Page 83
Basic types of vulnerability......Page 85
Categorizing groups and populations......Page 88
Implications of vulnerability......Page 93
Reconciling different perspectives......Page 97
Notes......Page 99
Chapter 5: We are all vulnerable: Philosophical perspectives on vulnerability......Page 106
Pragmatic approaches of vulnerability......Page 108
Understanding vulnerability: A peripheral approach......Page 109
Vulnerability as natural imperfection......Page 110
Vulnerability as bodily corruption......Page 111
Vulnerability as experience......Page 112
Vulnerability as relatedness......Page 113
Vulnerability as dependency......Page 114
Vulnerability as being hostage......Page 116
Anthropological rather than ontological vulnerability......Page 118
Why is anthropological vulnerability important for bioethics?......Page 121
Universality......Page 122
Passivity......Page 123
Positivity......Page 124
Vulnerability as ethical principle......Page 126
Linking philosophical and political perspectives......Page 128
Conclusion......Page 129
Notes......Page 130
Chapter 6: Some of us are more vulnerable: Political perspectives on vulnerability......Page 137
Vulnerability exacerbated......Page 138
Special vulnerability......Page 139
Social ethics......Page 140
Beyond individual agency and autonomy......Page 141
Human interaction and cooperation......Page 142
The social context of special vulnerability......Page 143
The production of vulnerability......Page 145
Inequality......Page 146
Power......Page 147
Exploitation......Page 148
Lack of freedom......Page 149
Exploitation and power differences......Page 150
Structural exploitation......Page 151
Exploitative arrangements......Page 152
Social connectedness and political responsibility......Page 153
A global perspective......Page 154
Notes......Page 156
Chapter 7: Vulnerability is everywhere: Globalization and vulnerability......Page 162
Globalism......Page 163
Global production of vulnerability......Page 164
Existential insecurity......Page 166
Social disintegration......Page 167
Neutralizing vulnerability......Page 168
The dimensions of globalism today......Page 169
A different bioethics......Page 172
Two faces of vulnerability......Page 173
Notes......Page 175
Chapter 8: Theoretical implications of vulnerability......Page 180
Human rights......Page 181
Human rights and bioethics......Page 182
Individual focus?......Page 183
Social engagement?......Page 184
Social justice......Page 185
The need for a justice perspective......Page 186
Scope of social justice......Page 187
Relevance of social justice......Page 188
A broader concept of justice......Page 189
Responsibilities......Page 190
Representation......Page 191
Capabilities......Page 192
Capabilities and vulnerability......Page 194
Vulnerability as limitation of capabilities......Page 195
Structural capability constraints......Page 196
The sociality of capabilities......Page 197
Challenges......Page 199
The impact of globalization......Page 201
Relatedness......Page 202
Responsibility......Page 203
Advantages and challenges......Page 204
International relations......Page 205
Global institutions......Page 206
Conclusion......Page 207
Notes......Page 209
Global scope......Page 220
Broader agenda......Page 221
Critical focus on social context......Page 222
Advocacy and activism......Page 223
Promoting participation......Page 224
Cooperation and sustaining networks......Page 225
Vulnerability’s power of inspiration......Page 226
Notes......Page 227
Bibliography......Page 230
Index......Page 258


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