Vox Humana Craftsmanship: Origins, Intersections and Influence on Lithuanian Pipe Organ Building (Numanities - Arts and Humanities in Progress, 23)

✍ Scribed by Girėnas Povilionis, Diego Cannizzaro, Rima Povilionienė

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 287
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book provides a thorough analysis focused on the sound expression produced by human-crafted musical instrument – a pipe organ, in which various components blend into a complex whole to produce a wide range of timbres. The sound produced by wooden and metal pipes of a variety of sizes is an integral part of the instrument’s unique character, while the organ stop is like its signature, from which one can judge about the size and style of the instrument, an organ building school or even an organ master, to which it is attributable. Precise identification of the name of the stop in accordance to both the pipework itself and the authentic inscriptions on the pipes is instrumental in investigating the geographic origins and authorship of an organ.
The monograph focuses on the craftsmanship of complex and historically influential organ stop Vox humana. Its research and definition provides specific information distinguishing particular features in the variety of organ building traditions and discussing the differences in organ sound perception and production. The volume is aimed at art and music historians, as well as musicologists and scholars researching restoration techniques.
The book contains supplemental material with video and audio material as well as photo-documentation of authentic Vox humana examples. The material is placed in the online catalog, which may be accessed by scanning the QR code in the appendix of the book.
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✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
About the Authors
List of Figures
Part I Establishment of the Vox Humana Stop in Pipe Organ Building: Some Historical Observations
1 In Search of an Appropriate Name: Consolidation of the Vox Humana Designation
1.1 The Emergence of the Vox Humana in European Organ Building
1.2 A Variety of Names: From a Bear’s Roar to the Human Voice
1.2.1 Cases of Literal Translation of “Vox Humana”
1.2.2 Semantically Linked Names
1.2.3 Fanciful Designations
1.3 Discrepancy in Verbal Naming and Sound Perception
2 From the Fiffaro to the Voce Umana: Beating Stops in the Italian and Sicilian Organ Building Tradition
2.1 Establishment of the Fiffaro and the First Attempts in Italian Organs
2.2 The Fiffaro in the Bergamo Area Organ Building Tradition: Cases of Antegnati Craftsmanship
2.2.1 Notes on the Fiffaro in the Contracts with Graziadio Antegnati
2.2.2 Organ Building Contracts with Costanzo Antegnati
2.2.3 Organ Building Contracts with Giovanni Francesco Antegnati
2.3 Some Aspects of the Sicilian Organ Building Tradition
3 The Vox Humana in Lithuanian Baroque Pipe Organs
3.1 The Development of an Individual Baroque Organ Building School in Lithuania
3.2 In Search of Reed Stops in Lithuanian Baroque Organs
3.3 Testimony About the Vox Humana in Archival Records
3.4 Extant Vox Humana Examples in Lithuanian Organs
3.4.1 Franciscan Church in Kretinga, End of the Seventeenth Century/c. 1680, Unknown Master
3.4.2 Budslau Basilica, 1781/83, Nicolaus Jantzon
3.4.3 Tytuvėnai Church, 1789, Attributed to Nicolaus Jantzon
3.4.4 Kurtuvėnai Church, 1791–1793, Mateusz Raczkowski
3.4.5 Vilnius Church of the Holy Spirit, 1775–1776, Adam Gottlob Casparini
Part II From Italy to Lithuania: The Casparini Dynasty and the Consolidation of Lithuanian Baroque Organ Building
4 Over Two Centuries of Caspari(ni) Activity: From North to South
4.1 The Casparini Dynasty
4.2 Eugenio Casparini: “Tedesco(I) Italiano(I)”
4.3 Following Eugenio: Later Generations
4.3.1 Adam Horatio Casparini
4.3.2 Georg Sigismund Caspari
4.3.3 Adam Gottlob Casparini
5 Following the Activity of Lithuanian Late-Baroque Organ Builders
5.1 Settling in Vilnius and Working in the Area
5.2 A Duo of Vilnius Organ Masters: Joachim Friedrich Scheel and Ludwik Jozef Klimowicz
5.3 The Founder of the Vilnius School: Gerhardt Arendt Zelle and His Milieu
5.4 Nicolaus Jantzon’s Oeuvre and the Flourishing of the Vilnius School
Part III Creating the Vox Humana’s Variety of Sounds
6 Characteristics of the Vox Humana’s Resonator Construction
6.1 On the Configuration of the Vox Humana Pipes in Written Sources
6.2 The Typology of the Vox Humana Resonators
6.3 The Vox Humana Pipes of Cylindrical-Conic Construction
6.4 The Vox Humana Pipes of Double-Conic Construction
7 Observations on Metal Alloy and Types of Tongue and Shallot in Lithuanian Baroque Pipe Organs
7.1 Reviving the Historically Accurate Sound
7.2 On Lead–Tin Composition of the Resonators
7.3 Impact of Copper–Zinc Composition on the Quality of Timbre
7.4 The Subtlety of Shallot Construction
General Conclusions by Girėnas Povilionis: March 2022—The Discoveries Continue
Appendix A Stoplists of the Organs by Casparini
EUGENIO CASPARINI (1623–1706)
ADAM HORATIO CASPARINI (1676–1745)
Appendix B Representative Stoplists of Vilnius Late Baroque Organ Building School
Two-Manual Organs
Single-Manual Organs
Appendix C Interactive Audio-Video Catalogue with QR Code
Bibliography
Index