Volcanic Seismology

✍ Scribed by Keiiti Aki (auth.), Professor Paolo Gasparini, Professor Roberto Scarpa, Professor Keiiti Aki (eds.)

• Publisher: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
• Year: 1992
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 579
• Series: IAVCEI Proceedings in Volcanology 3
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

For many centuries people living on volcanoes have known that the outset of seismic activity is often a forerunner of a volcanic eruption. This understand­ ing allowed people living close to the sites of the Mt. Nuovo 1538 eruption at Campi Flegrei, Italy, and of the Mt. Usu 1663 eruption, in Hokkaido, Japan (to quote only two examples) to flee before the eruptions started. During the second half of the 19th century seismographs were installed on some volcanoes, and the link between seismic and eruptive activity started to be assessed on a firmer scientific basis. The first systematic observations of the correlations existing between seismic activity and volcanic eruptions were probably those carried out at Mt. Vesuvius by Luigi Palmieri in 1856. Palmieri was the Director of Osservatorio Vesuviano and built an electromagnetic seismograph with the aim of "making visible the smallest ground motions by recording them on paper and indicating direction, intensity and duration". He was able to show the relationship between earthquakes and the different phases of volcanic activity. He identified the harmonic tremor which he indicated was a precursor of volcanic activity: "the characteristic feature of the ground mo­ tions preceding eruption is its continuity . . . (before the eruption of 1861) the electromagnetic seismograph began to show a continuous tremor". The Palmieri seismograph was also utilized in Japan until 1883, when it was replaced by the new Gray-Milne seismographs, and, later, by the Omori in­ struments.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Matter....Pages I-XVIII
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
State of the Art in Volcanic Seismology....Pages 3-10
Front Matter....Pages 11-11
Short-Term Precursors of Natural Disastrous Events: A Statistical Assessment....Pages 13-19
Deformation, Earthquakes and Mechanism of Activity of Klyuchevskoy Volcano....Pages 20-44
Seismotectonics of the Mount Cameroon Volcanic Region, West Africa....Pages 45-61
Volcanic Earthquakes at Merapi (Central Java) During the Lava Dome Building Beginning in October 1986....Pages 62-73
Recent Seismicity at Vulcano Island (Southern Italy) and Adjacent Regions: Time Patterns and Periodicities....Pages 74-83
Arenal Volcano (Costa Rica) Premonitory Seismicity....Pages 84-96
Analysis of the Seismic Activity Related to the 1982 Eruption of the El Chichon Volcano, Mexico....Pages 97-108
Coda Q Dependence on Time, Frequency and Coda Duration Interval at Mt. Etna, Sicily....Pages 109-119
Measurements of Ground Movement on Mount Etna, Sicily: A Systematic Plan to Record Different Temporal and Spatial Components of Ground Movement Associated with Active Volcanism....Pages 120-129
Front Matter....Pages 131-131
A Seismic Model for the Source of Long-Period Events and Harmonic Tremor....Pages 133-156
Volcanic Tremor: Seismic Signals of (Almost) Unknown Origin....Pages 157-167
Preliminary Results from a Field Experiment on Volcanic Events at Kilauea Using an Array of Digital Seismographs....Pages 168-189
Numerical Studies of the Dynamics of Fluid-Filled Cracks Placed in Series: A Model for Inharmonic Peaked Tremor Spectra....Pages 190-200
Seismic Image of the Volcanic Tremor Source at Izu-Oshima Volcano, Japan....Pages 201-211
Volcanic Tremor and Low-Frequency Earthquakes in Iceland....Pages 212-222
Non-Double Couple Earthquake Focal Mechanisms and the Accretionary Tectonic Cycle....Pages 223-234
Non-Double Couple Earthquake Mechanisms in Volcanic Environments....Pages 235-247
Nonlinear Inversion of S-Wave Polarization for Constraining the Source Mechanism of Small Earthquakes....Pages 248-266
Seismic Activity at Stromboli (Southern Italy) for the Period 1983–1986....Pages 267-278
Front Matter....Pages 131-131
Wave Polarization and Location of the Source of the Explosion Quakes at Stromboli Volcano....Pages 279-296
Front Matter....Pages 297-297
Seismological Detection and Delineation of Magma Chambers: Present Status with Emphasis on the Western USA....Pages 299-338
Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Crust and Upper Mantle in the Long Valley-Mono Craters Region, California, Using Teleseismic P-Wave Residuals....Pages 339-358
Three-Dimensional Inversion of Teleseismic Travel Time Residuals for Crust and Upper Mantle Velocity Structure in the Larderello Geothermal Field, Italy....Pages 359-390
Physical Meaning of the Coda Envelopes....Pages 391-403
Front Matter....Pages 405-405
Fracture Processes Induced by Forced Fluid Percolation....Pages 407-431
Temperatures at the Base of the Seismogenic Crust Beneath Long Valley Caldera, California, and the Phlegrean Fields Caldera, Italy....Pages 432-461
Seismic Investigation of the Campi Flegrei: A Summary and Synthesis of Results....Pages 462-483
Seismological and Geodetic Data at Campi Flegrei (Southern Italy): Constraints on Volcanological Models....Pages 484-502
Possibilities of Detecting Volcanic Seismic Sources at Campi Flegrei Caldera....Pages 503-515
Apparent Variation of Coda Q in Phlegraean Fields During the Bradyseismic Crisis of 1982–1984....Pages 516-532
Dynamic Parameters of Volcaniclastic Soils and Rocks of Campi Flegrei (Naples, Italy)....Pages 533-546
A Thermo-Mechanical Model of the Inflation and Seismicity of Volcanic Calderas: An Application to the Campi Flegrei System....Pages 547-567
Back Matter....Pages 569-572

✦ Subjects

Geophysics/Geodesy; Geology