Vascular Complications of Surgery and Intervention: A Practical Guide

✍ Scribed by Ramyar Gilani, Joseph L. Mills Sr.

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 284
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The concept for this book evolved over many years of intense clinical practice during which a wide variety of vascular complications were encountered as a result of other surgical or interventional procedures. In this book, the authors describe cohesive efforts by experts in the field as they commit to advancing health care quality by all professionals. It should be noted at the outset that the book does not discuss various non-vascular or systemic complications of patients undergoing vascular interventions such as myocardial infarction, renal or respiratory failure. Instead, the content is divided into four separate sections. The material begins with an introduction to vascular anatomy and function. There follows a section addressing specific complications of the vascular system that can occur in any patient, sometimes even without intervention. The third section addresses complications specific to interventions and surgical procedures. The final section is dedicated to the delayed and long-term sequelae attributable to the most commonly encountered vascular complications.

Vascular Complications of Surgery and Intervention: A Practical Guide is targeted towards dedicated health care professionals managing patients affected by inadvertent but potentially disastrous vascular complications and for those practitioners performing interventions either directly upon the vascular system or procedures that have potential for collateral impact.

✦ Table of Contents

Introduction
Contents
Contributors
Part I: General Principles
1: Regional Vascular Anatomy
Embryologic Development of Vascular Tree
Head and Neck
Intracranial
Arteries
Veins/Sinuses
Extracranial
Arteries
Veins
Normal Variants
Chest
Veins
Normal Variants
Abdomen and Pelvis
Abdominal Aorta
Veins
Normal Variants
Upper Extremities
Arteries
Veins
Normal Variants
Lower Extremities
Arteries
Veins
Normal Variants
References
2: Impact of Hemorrhage, Thrombosis, and Ischemia
Introduction
Hemorrhage
Thromboembolic Disease
Ischemic Injury
Conclusion
References
3: Principles of Vascular Imaging
Introduction
Imaging Modalities and Protocols
CT Angiography (CTA)
Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)
Conventional Angiography
Noninvasive Hemodynamic Testing
Ultrasonography
Radiograph
Nuclear Medicine
Summary of Recommendations
References
Part II: Perioperative
4: Perioperative Venous Thromboembolism
Introduction
Risk Factors and Epidemiology of VTE
Pathophysiology
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Lower Extremity
Upper Extremity
Pulmonary Embolism
Prophylaxis
Treatment
Future Investigation
Summary
References
5: Postoperative Spinal Cord Ischemia and Stroke
Introduction
Spinal Cord Ischemia
Intraoperative Prevention
Postoperative Management
SCI Treatment Protocol
Modified SCI Prevention Protocol
Recovery
Stroke
Cerebral Protection Strategies
Intraoperative Monitoring Strategies
Intraoperative Stroke
Postoperative Stroke
Conclusion
References
6: Arterial Thromboembolic Complications
Scope
Regions
Presentations
Imaging
Treatment
Surveillance
Summary
References
7: Vascular Injuries in Children
Introduction
Differences in Adult and Pediatric Trauma
Epidemiology
Extremity Injury
Carotid Injury
Aortic Injury
Anticoagulation
Outcomes
Conclusion
References
Part III: Operation and Intervention
8: Principles of Vascular Access and Complications
Introduction
General Principles
Ultrasound Technique
Equipment
Scanning
Access Technique
Access Site Selection
Preparation
Cannulation
Summary
Vascular Access Types
Arterial Access
Venous Access
Peripheral Venous Access
Central Venous Access
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)
Central Venous Catheters
Decannulation
Mitigating Complications
Conclusion
References
9: Procedural Checklist/Situational Awareness
Procedural Checklist/Situational Awareness
My First Checklist. Why I Made My Checklist and Why Every Surgeon Should Too!
Successful Checklist Implementation
Cultural Shift
Planning, Staffing, and Checklist
Entering the Operating Room
Case Scenarios
Did you Give the Heparin?
Where’s the Shunt?
Conclusion
References
10: Management of Iatrogenic Abdominal Vascular Injuries
Introduction
Incidence
Injury Recognition
Risk Factors
Management
Exploratory Laparotomy for Vascular Control and Repair
Vascular Exposures During Damage Control Laparotomies
Special Considerations for Injuries to Specific Vessels
Aortoiliac Injuries
Iliocaval Venous Injuries
Mesenteric Arterial Injuries
Renal Vascular Injuries
Summary
References
11: Inadvertent Ischemia Occurring with Abdominal Surgery
Introduction
Chapter Overview
Common Operations Prone to Vascular Injury
Case 1: The Unassuming Cholecystectomy
Case 2: The Right Colectomy
Case 3: This Is Not Looking So Good…5–6 Days Later
Summary
References
12: Vascular Injury During Spine Surgery
Preoperative Considerations
Potential Complications
Special Circumstances
Technical Considerations
Instrumentation
Exposure
Repair
References
13: Vascular Complications Associated with the Cardiac Patient
Introduction
Preoperative Evaluation
Postoperative Vascular Complications After Common Cardiac Operations
Vascular Complications Related to Vascular Access and Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring
Stroke
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
Lower Extremity Ischemia
Vascular Complications Related to Mechanical Circulatory Support
Vascular Complications Related to Transcatheter Valves
References
14: Vascular Insult of the Operated Extremity
Patterns of Vascular Insults with Blunt Orthopedic Injuries
Introduction
Injury Patterns
Axillary Artery Injury with Humeral Neck Fractures and Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
Brachial Artery Injury with Humeral Diaphysis Fracture and Elbow Dislocation
Femoral Artery Injury with Femoral Neck Fracture and Hip Dislocation
Popliteal and Tibial Arterial Injuries with Supracondylar Femur Fractures, Proximal Tibial Fractures, and Posterior Knee Dislocations
Who Should Operate First, Vascular or Orthopedic Surgery?
Common Elective Surgical Procedures with a Higher Risk for Vascular Insult
Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of Aorta
Acute Compartment Syndrome (ACS)
Lower Leg Compartment Syndrome
Forearm Compartment Syndrome
Conclusion
References
15: Interventional Alternatives for Vascular Injury
Introduction
Technologies
Access
Catheters/Wires
Sheaths
Balloons/Stents/Coils
Applications
Techniques
Summary
Access
Vessel Selection
Sheath Insertion
Balloon Delivery and Inflation
Device Removal
Organizational Framework
Patient Needs
Provider Strengths
Institutional Resources
The Ideal
Horizon Technologies
Summary
References
Part IV: Delayed
16: Dreaded Late Complications: Infection, Blowout, Pseudoaneurysm, Fistula
Introduction
Infection (Surgical Site Infection, Prosthetic Graft Infection)
Incidence
Pathophysiology
Microbiology
Clinical Presentation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Conclusion
Late Anastomotic Complication: Pseudoaneurysm, Anastomotic Aneurysm, and Blowout
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Conclusion
Aortoenteric Fistula
Incidence
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Conclusions
Lymphocele/Lymphatic Fistula/Chylous Ascites
Etiology
Incidence
Diagnosis
Treatment
Conclusion
Conclusion
References
Reference A
17: Considerations for Surgery in Hostile Zones
Introduction
Case Example
General Considerations
Oncologic Considerations
Sarcoma
RCC
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Other Considerations/Benefits
References
18: Medical and Legal Implications of Failure to Rescue
Crew Resource Management
Resilience
High Reliable Organizations (HRO)
Implementation of the OODA Loop
Closing the Loop
Conclusion
References
Index