Variation of surface air temperatures in relation to El Niño and cataclysmic volcanic eruptions, 1796–1882
✍ Scribed by Robert M Wilson
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1999
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 484 KB
- Volume
- 61
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 1364-6826
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✦ Synopsis
During the contemporaneous interval of 1796±1882 a number of signi®cant decreases in temperature are found in the records of Central England and Northern Ireland. These decreases appear to be related to the occurrences of El NinÄ o and/or cataclysmic volcanic eruptions. For example, a composite of residual Central England temperatures, centering temperatures on the yearly onsets of 20 El NinÄ o events of moderate to stronger strengths, shows that, on average, the change in temperature varied by about 20.38C from normal, being warmer during the boreal fall± winter leading up to the El NinÄ o year and cooler during the spring±summer of the El NinÄ o year. Also, the in¯uence of El NinÄ o on Central England temperatures appears to have lasted about 1±2 years. Similarly, a composite of residual Central England temperatures, centering temperatures on the month of eruption for 26 cataclysmic volcanic eruptions, shows that, on average, the temperature decreased by about 0.1±0.28C, typically, 1±2 years after the eruption; although for speci®c events, like Tambora, the decrease was considerably greater. Additionally, tropical eruptions appear to have produced greater cooling than extratropical eruptions, and eruptions occurring in boreal spring±summer appear to have produced greater cooling than those occurring in fall±winter.