Valve Selection Handbook, Fifth Edition: Engineering Fundamentals for Selecting the Right Valve Design for Every Industrial Flow Application

✍ Scribed by Peter Smith, R. W. Zappe

• Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
• Year: 2004
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 404
• Edition: 5
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Valves are the components in a fluid flow or pressure system that regulate either the flow or the pressure of the fluid. They are used extensively in the process industries, especially petrochemical. Though there are only four basic types of valves, there is an enormous number of different kinds of valves within each category, each one used for a specific purpose. No other book on the market analyzes the use, construction, and selection of valves in such a comprehensive manner. -Covers new environmentally-conscious equipment and practices, the most important hot-button issue in the petrochemical industry today-Details new generations of valves for offshore projects, the oil industry's fastest-growing segment -Includes numerous new products that have never before been written about in the mainstream literature

✦ Table of Contents

Cover......Page 1
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 5
PREFACE......Page 12
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 14
Check Valves......Page 15
Pressure Relief Valves......Page 16
Standards......Page 17
Additional Chapters......Page 18
Valve Seals......Page 19
Proving Fluid Tightness......Page 20
Sealability Against Liquids......Page 22
Mechanism for Closing Leakage Passages......Page 24
Metal Seatings......Page 25
Soft Seatings......Page 27
Flat Metallic Gaskets......Page 28
Gaskets of Exfoliated Graphite......Page 30
Spiral Wound Gaskets......Page 31
Gasket Blowout......Page 32
Compression Packings......Page 33
Squeeze-Type Packings......Page 38
Diaphragm Valve Stem Seals......Page 39
FLOW THROUGH VALVES......Page 40
Resistance Coefficient ζ......Page 41
Flow Coefficient Cv......Page 45
Flow Coefficient Kv......Page 46
Flow Coefficient Av......Page 47
Interrelationships Between Resistance and Flow
Coefficients......Page 48
Relationship Between Resistance Coefficient
and Valve Opening Position......Page 49
Cavitation of Valves......Page 50
Waterhammer from Valve Operation......Page 52
Attenuation of Valve Noise......Page 56
GROUPING OF VALVES BY METHOD OF
FLOW REGULATION......Page 58
Valves for Controlling Flow Rate......Page 59
Valves for Diverting Flow......Page 60
Valve End Connections......Page 61
Valve Ratings......Page 62
Valve Selection Chart......Page 63
Valve Body Patterns......Page 65
Valve Seatings......Page 72
Inside and Outside Stem Screw......Page 75
Bonnet Joints......Page 76
Stuffing Boxes and Back Seating......Page 77
Direction of Flow Through Globe Valves......Page 79
PISTON VALVES......Page 80
Construction......Page 83
PARALLEL GATE VALVES......Page 84
Conventional Parallel Gate Valves......Page 87
Conduit Gate Valves......Page 90
Pressure-Equalizing Connection......Page 93
Applications......Page 94
WEDGE GATE VALVES......Page 95
Variations of Wedge Design......Page 98
Connection of Wedge to Stem......Page 103
Wedge Guide Design......Page 104
Case Study of Wedge Gate Valve Failure......Page 105
Applications......Page 107
PLUG VALVES......Page 108
Cylindrical Plug Valves......Page 109
Taper Plug Valves......Page 112
Antistatic Device......Page 115
Plug Valves for Fire Exposure......Page 116
Multiport Configuration......Page 117
Standards Pertaining to Plug Valves......Page 118
BALL VALVES......Page 119
Seating Designs......Page 120
Pressure-Equalizing Connection......Page 125
Ball Valves for Fire Exposure......Page 126
Variations of Body Construction......Page 128
Applications......Page 130
BUTTERFLY VALVES......Page 131
Seating Designs......Page 132
Body Configurations......Page 144
Torque Characteristic of Butterfly Valves......Page 145
Standards Pertaining to Butterfly Valves......Page 147
PINCH VALVES......Page 148
Open and Enclosed Pinch Valves......Page 150
Flow Control with Fluid-Pressure Operated
Pinch Valves......Page 151
Valve Body......Page 152
Standards Pertaining to Pinch Valves......Page 153
DIAPHRAGM VALVES......Page 154
Weir-Type Diaphragm Valves......Page 155
Straight-Through Diaphragm Valves......Page 156
Construction Materials......Page 157
Valve Flow Characteristics......Page 158
Corrosion-Resistant Alloys......Page 160
Galling of Valve Parts......Page 161
Standards Pertaining to Stainless Steel Valves......Page 162
FUNCTION OF CHECK VALVES......Page 163
Grouping of Check Valves......Page 164
Operation of Check Valves......Page 168
Assessment of Check Valves for Fast Closing......Page 171
Lift Check Valves......Page 172
Swing Check Valves......Page 174
Diaphragm Check Valves......Page 175
SELECTION OF CHECK VALVES......Page 177
Standards Pertaining to Check Valves......Page 178
PRINCIPAL TYPES OF PRESSURE RELIEFVALVES......Page 179
Pressure Relief Valves......Page 181
System Characteristics......Page 183
Device Characteristics......Page 184
Review......Page 186
Safety Valves......Page 188
Safety Relief Valves......Page 192
Liquid Relief Valves......Page 197
Vacuum Relief Valves......Page 200
Direct-Loaded Pressure Relief Valves with
Auxiliary Actuator......Page 201
Oscillation Dampers......Page 207
Certification of Valve Performance......Page 211
Force/Lift Diagrams as an Aid for Predicting the Operational Behavior of Spring-Loaded Pressure Relief Valves......Page 212
Secondary Back Pressure from Flow-Through
Valve Body......Page 219
Verification of Operating Data of Spring-Loaded Pressure Relief Valves Prior to and After
Installation......Page 221
PILOT-OPERATED PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES......Page 223
Pilot-Operated Pressure Relief Valves with
Direct-Acting Pilot......Page 224
Stable Operation of Valves with On/Off Pilots......Page 229
Pilot-Operated Pressure Relief Valves with
Indirect-Acting Pilot......Page 232
6. RUPTURE DISCS......Page 236
Terminology......Page 237
Application of Rupture Discs......Page 239
Limitations of Rupture Discs in Liquid Systems......Page 240
Construction Materials of Rupture Discs......Page 241
Heat Shiel......Page 242
Rupture Disc Application Parameters......Page 244
Tension-Loaded Types......Page 245
Compression-Loaded Types......Page 252
Graphite Rupture Discs......Page 260
Rupture Disc Holders......Page 264
Accessories......Page 266
Double Disc Assemblies......Page 268
Selecting Rupture Discs......Page 270
Rupture Disc Device in Combination with
Pressure Relief Valve......Page 271
User’s Responsibility......Page 273
Explosion Venting......Page 274
7. SIZING PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES......Page 277
SIZING OF PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES, GAS,
VAPOR, STEAM......Page 280
Sizing Equations for Gas and Vapor Other Than
Steam......Page 281
Sizing Equations for Dry Saturated Steam......Page 283
Sizing Equations for Liquid Flow......Page 288
KV = Capacity Correction Factor Due to Viscosity......Page 290
SIZING OF INLET PIPING TO PRESSURE
RELIEF VALVES......Page 292
SIZING OF DISCHARGE PIPING OF
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES......Page 294
Rupture Disc Sizing for Nonviolent Pressure
Excursions......Page 296
Sizing Equations for Gas or Vapor Other than
Steam......Page 297
Rupture Disc Sizing for Violent Pressure
Excursions in Low-Strength Containers......Page 299
INTRODUCTION......Page 300
TYPES OF ACTUATORS......Page 301
Linear Valves......Page 302
Conclusion......Page 303
Types of Pneumatic Actuators......Page 304
Summary......Page 308
Advantages......Page 309
HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS......Page 310
Disadvantages......Page 311
SPARE PARTS AND MAINTAINING
ACTUATED VALVES......Page 312
Maintenance......Page 313
Double Block and Bleed Isolation Philosophy......Page 315
Instrument Double Block and Bleed Ball Valves......Page 316
In-Line Double Block and Bleed Ball Valves......Page 320
CAR SEALED OPEN AND CAR SEALED
CLOSED......Page 321
LOCKED OPEN AND LOCKED CLOSED......Page 322
MECHANICAL INTERLOCKING......Page 323
THE MECHANICAL INTERLOCKING OF
PRESSURE SAFETY VALVES......Page 327
Procedure to Change Out PRV 1......Page 328
THE MECHANICAL INTERLOCKING OF
PIPELINE LAUNCHERS AND RECEIVERS......Page 329
Normal Operation Conditions......Page 330
CONCLUSION......Page 332
Appendix A: ABBREVIATIONS OF ORGANIZATIONS AND STANDARDS RELATEDTO THE INTERNATIONAL VALVE INDUSTRY......Page 333
Appendix B: PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS......Page 335
Appendix C: STANDARDS PERTAINING TO VALVES......Page 341
Appendix D: INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS (SI)......Page 351
Appendix E: VALVE GLOSSARY......Page 369
REFERENCES......Page 388
INDEX......Page 392