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Using undercooling to measure the freezing points of aqueous solutions

✍ Scribed by Vincent Ayel; Olivier Lottin; Elena Popa; Hassan Peerhossaini

Publisher
Elsevier Science
Year
2005
Tongue
French
Weight
699 KB
Volume
44
Category
Article
ISSN
1290-0729

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✦ Synopsis

In this paper, a new type of sensor for in-line measurements of antifreeze mass fraction in aqueous solutions is described. Its principles of operation are based on the exploitation of the temperature rise that accompanies the freezing of an undercooled solution. Measurements are performed on small volume samples, taken from a distribution loop. The device operates in batch and is reliable, compact and robust. Tests carried out with carefully calibrated water-antifreeze mixtures shows that its application fields are fully compatible with the antifreeze concentrations usually encountered in cold distribution circuits. This sensor can also be used for the experimental determination of the freezing point of various water-antifreeze mixtures, its accuracy being confirmed, with mono propylene glycol and mono ethylene glycol, by comparison of our results to those of the literature. However, tests carried out with ethanol showed that its performances are still to be improved with this antifreeze.

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## Abstract Contrary to current widely held beliefs, many concentrated aqueous solutions of electrolytes and nonelectrolytes behave ideally. For both, the same simple equation yields mole fractions of water that are equal to the theoretical activities of water. No empirical activity coefficients or