No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
Background: Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) are treatment modalities that are based on the administration of a photosensitizer and the following application of light in a wavelength range matching the absorption spectrum of the photosensitizer. In this paper we reviewed the history of PDD and PDT as well current clinical applications in urological oncology and future directions. Materials and Methods: We reviewed extensively the available literature regarding photodynamic diagnosis and therapy in the field of Urology. Results: The use of PDD and PDT is slowly being accepted as a standard diagnosis and treatment option for certain types of cancer. This includes treatment strategies with curative intention as well strategies with only palliative intentions. The main advantage of PDD and PDT is that the procedure can be repeated multiple times safely without major side effects. PDT can be safely combined with already established treatment options like surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. A disadvantage of PDT is the only localized effect of the therapy, which usually cannot significantly alter the outcome of a systemic disease. Recently, the introduction of lipophilic derivatives of the naturally occurring heme precursor 5-aminolevulinic acid into PDD has led to a true revival of this research area. Conclusions: This review provides an update on the most important new clinical and experimental therapeutic applications of PDD and PDT in urology over the last years. PDD and PDT are promising alternatives in urological oncology. In some centers PDD is accepted as standard diagnostic procedure whereas in others not.
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Background and Objective: Photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) utilizes high-power potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser to vaporize obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Personal experiences with the technique, pathophysiologic changes affecting outcomes, and long-term dura
Background: The rapid growth in availability of non-invasive photo-epilation treatments in spas and laser hair removal centers has been met with considerable controversy. It is agreed upon that appropriate training and physician access for non-physician laser operators lessens the incidence of adver
Tis but thy name that is my enemy; . . . . . . What's in a name? That which we call a rose