Urogenital Trauma: A Practical Guide

✍ Scribed by Said Abdallah AL-Mamari

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 447
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book is written in a unique style that immediately catches the reader's interest and takes him on an enjoyable and fruitful journey from the kidneys to the male genital organs. Throughout the chapters, the researchers, the practitioners, and the junior doctors under urological training are offered a rare opportunity to rapidly refresh their knowledge with updated information starting from the mythical and historical conception of the involved organ, its embryology and anatomy, and progressing to the epidemiology, etiology, anatomopathology, mechanism, treatment and prognosis of its trauma.

It aims to provide the reader with the most complete and practical information possible and includes an abundant and well-selected illustration to help the learning process. A special section on male genital self-mutilations is added at the end of the book as the icing on the cake, treating this phenomenon systematically with a harmonious marriage between mythology, history, and a comprehensive literature review and management strategies. This manual has been reviewed and recommended by an internationally renowned expert in urogenital trauma and reconstructive surgery and is a very useful vade mecum for every Practitioner or resident in Urology.

✦ Table of Contents

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgment
Introduction
References
Contents
Abbreviations
Part I: Renal Trauma
Introduction to Renal Trauma
References
1: Anatomy of the Kidney
1.1 Embryology
1.2 General Aspects
1.3 General Structure and Coverings
1.4 Anatomical Relations
1.5 Arterial Supply and Venous Drainage
1.6 Congenital Abnormalities
References
2: Epidemiology of Renal Trauma
References
3: Etiology and Anatomopathology of Kidney Trauma
3.1 Blunt Trauma
3.2 Penetrating trauma
3.3 Pediatric Population
3.4 Iatrogenic Causes
3.4.1 Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
3.4.2 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
3.4.3 Flexible and Rigid Ureteroscopy
References
4: Mechanism and Physiopathology of Kidney Trauma
4.1 Blunt Trauma
4.2 Penetrating Injuries
4.2.1 Gunshot Injuries
4.2.2 Stab Injuries
References
5: Grading of Renal Trauma
References
6: Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnostic Means of Renal Trauma
6.1 Presentation and Physical Examination
6.2 Laboratory Tests
6.3 Imaging
6.3.1 Contrast-Enhanced Computerized Tomography (CECT)
6.3.2 Ultrasonography (U/S)
6.3.3 Intravenous Urography (IVU) or Intravenous Pyelography (IVP)
6.3.4 Other Imaging Modalities
References
7: Treatment of Renal Trauma. I. Conservative and Mini-Invasive Management
7.1 Supportive and Adjunctive Treatments
7.2 Minimally Invasive Approach
7.2.1 The Rationale of Minimally Invasive Approach
7.2.2 Minimally Invasive Procedures
7.2.2.1 Angioembolization
7.2.2.2 Other Minimally Invasive Procedures
7.3 Special Management for Post-PCNL Renal Injury
References
8: Treatment of Renal Trauma. II: Operative Approaches
8.1 Surgical Technique
References
9: Prognosis, Complications, and Follow-Up of Kidney Trauma
References
10: Special Cases in Renal Trauma
10.1 Trauma in Simple Ectopic, Crossed Ectopic, and Crossed-Fused Ectopic Kidneys
10.2 Trauma on Horseshoe Kidneys (HSK)
10.3 Trauma on Renal Angiomyolipoma (AML)
10.4 Trauma and Kidney Allograft
References
Part II: Ureteral Trauma
Introduction to Ureteral Trauma
References
11: Anatomy of the Ureter
11.1 General Aspects
11.2 Course
11.3 Topography
11.4 Blood Supply
11.5 Congenital Abnormalities
References
12: Epidemiology of Ureteral Injuries
References
13: Etiology and Mechanisms of Ureteral Trauma
13.1 Iatrogenic Injuries
13.1.1 Endourological Procedures
13.1.2 Gynecological Procedures (Cesarean Section, Hysterectomy)
13.1.3 Colorectal Procedures
13.1.4 Other Procedures
13.2 Non-iatrogenic or External Trauma
13.3 “Spontaneous Ureteral Rupture”
References
14: Presentation, Symptoms, Imaging, Grading, and Complications of Ureteral Injuries
14.1 Presentation and Symptoms
14.2 Imaging
14.3 Grading
14.4 Complications of Ureteral Injury
References
15: Management of Ureteral Injuries: Prevention, Conservative, and Minimally Invasive Management
15.1 Prevention and Early Detection
15.2 Minimally Invasive Techniques in Ureteral Injury
References
16: Reconstructive Techniques for Ureteral Injuries: Using Urinary Tract Tissues
16.1 Antegrade DJ Stenting
16.2 Endoureterotomy and Endoscopic Realignment
16.3 Ureteroneocystostomy
16.4 Psoas Hitch Associated with the Ureteroneocystostomy
16.5 Uretero-Ureterostomy
16.6 Ureterocalycostomy
16.7 Boari Flap
16.8 Transuretero-Ureterostomy
References
17: Reconstructive Techniques for Ureteral Injuries: Using Extra-Urinary Autologous Tissues
References
18: Renal Autotransplantation, Evolving Techniques, and Tissue Engineering
18.1 Renal Autotransplantation
18.2 Evolving Techniques and Tissue Engineering
References
Part III: Urinary Bladder Injury
Introduction to Urinary Bladder Trauma
References
19: Anatomy of the Urinary Bladder
19.1 Embryology
19.2 General Aspects
19.3 Topography
19.4 Vascularization
19.5 Innervation of the Bladder
19.6 Congenital Malformations [4, 13, 14]
References
20: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Mechanism of Urinary Bladder Injury
References
21: Anatomopathology of Urinary Bladder Injury
References
22: Presentation, Diagnostic Investigations, and Grading of Urinary Bladder Injury
22.1 Presentation
22.2 Investigations
22.2.1 Conventional Cystography
22.2.2 CT-Cystography
22.2.3 CT-Urography
22.2.4 Intraoperative Means
22.2.5 Other Techniques
22.2.6 Grading of Bladder Injury
References
23: Treatment of Urinary Bladder Injury: Conservative Approach, Direct Repairs, and Reconstructive Techniques Using Urinary Tract Tissues
References
24: Treatment of Bladder Injury: Reconstructive Surgery Using Extraurinary Autologous Tissues
24.1 Future Perspectives
References
25: Prognosis, Complications, and Follow-Up of Bladder Injury
References
Part IV: Urethral Injuries
Introduction to Urethral Injury
References
26: Anatomy of the Urethra
26.1 Embryology of the Urethra
26.2 Gross Anatomy of the Male Urethra
26.3 Urethral Blood Supply
26.4 Congenital Urethral Abnormalities
References
27: Epidemiology of Urethral Injury
References
28: Etiology, Mechanisms, and Anatomopathology of Urethral Injury
28.1 Anatomopathology of Posterior Urethral Injury
28.2 Mechanism of the Posterior Urethral Injury
28.3 Mechanism and Anatomopathology of Anterior urethral Injury
References
29: Classification of Urethral Injury
References
30: Diagnosis of Urethral Injury: Symptoms, Signs, and Imaging Studies
30.1 Symptoms and Signs
30.2 Imaging Investigations
References
31: Treatment of Urethral Injury. I: The Posterior Urethra
31.1 Principles of Posterior Urethral Injury Treatment
31.2 Surgical Approaches
31.3 Direct Vision Internal Urethrotomy (DVIU) or Optical Urethrotomy
31.4 Urethroscrotal Inlay Procedure
31.5 Excision of the Fibrotic Segment and End-to-End Reanastomosis
31.5.1 Perineal Approach
31.5.2 Abdomino-perineal or Perineo-transpubic Approach
31.6 Urethral Stenting
31.7 Results of Posterior Urethra Repair
References
32: Treatment of Urethral Injury. II: The Anterior Urethra
32.1 Principles of Anterior Urethra Repair
32.2 The Surgical Techniques
32.2.1 Direct Vision Internal Urethrotomy (DVIU)
32.3 Excision and End-to-End Anastomosis
32.4 Non-transecting Bulbar Urethroplasty
32.5 Urethroplasty with Autologous Graft
32.5.1 Buccal Mucosa Harvesting
32.5.2 Buccal Graft Positioning
32.5.2.1 Barbagli Dorsal Onlay Technique [19, 20, 22] (Fig. 32.6)
32.5.2.2 Asopa Inlay Technique [19, 21, 22] (Fig. 32.7)
32.5.2.3 Kulkarni One-Side Dorsolateral Approach (Fig. 32.8)
32.6 Alternative Treatment
32.6.1 Endoscopic Realignment
32.6.1.1 Endoprosthesis
32.6.1.2 Tissue Engineering
References
33: Complications of Urethral Injury
References
34: Summary of Experts Panels’ Recommendations for the Management of Urethral Injury
34.1 Prevention
34.2 Investigations
34.3 Treatment
34.4 Follow-Up
References
Part V: Penile Injuries
Introduction to Penile Injury
References
35: Anatomy of the Penis
35.1 Embryology of the Penis
35.2 Histology
35.3 Gross Anatomy
35.3.1 General Aspects
35.3.2 Blood Supply
35.3.3 Nerve Supply
35.4 Congenital Penile Abnormalities
References
36: Epidemiology of Penile Injury
References
37: Etiology, Mechanism, and Anatomopathology of Penile Injury
37.1 Pediatric Penile Injuries
37.2 Adult Penile Injuries
37.2.1 Specific Mechanism and Anatomopathology of Penile Fracture
References
38: Symptoms, Signs, Diagnostic Means, Differential Diagnosis, and Grading of Penile Injury
38.1 Symptoms and Signs
38.2 Imaging Means
38.3 Differential Diagnosis of Penile Fracture [18, 20, 21]
38.4 Grading of Penile Injury
References
39: Treatment of Penile Injury. I: Minor and Intermediate Surgeries
39.1 Management of Zipper Entrapment
39.2 Removal of a Penile Ring
39.3 Management of Penile Fracture
39.3.1 Technique for Corporeal Repair
39.4 Penile Wound Repair
References
40: Treatment of Penile Injury. II: Complex Procedures
40.1 Penile Replantation
40.1.1 Surgical Steps of Penile Replantation [3, 10]
40.2 Penile Reconstruction
40.3 Penile Transplantation
References
41: Complications and Long-Term Sequelae of Penile Injury
References
Part VI: Scrotal and Testicular Trauma
Introduction to Scrotal and Testicular Trauma
References
42: Anatomy of the Scrotum and Testicles
42.1 Embryology
42.2 Gross Anatomy
42.2.1 The Scrotum
42.2.2 The Testis
42.2.3 The Epididymis
42.2.4 The Vas Deferens
42.2.5 The Spermatic Cord
42.3 Congenital Abnormalities
References
43: Epidemiology of Scrotal and Testicular Trauma
References
44: Etiology, Mechanism, and Anatomopathology of Scrotal and Testicular Trauma
44.1 Etiology and Mechanism
44.2 Anatomopathology
References
45: Symptoms, Signs, Diagnostic Means, and Grading of Scrotal and Testicular Trauma
45.1 Symptoms and Signs
45.2 Diagnostic Means
45.2.1 Ultrasonography (US)
45.2.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
45.2.3 Other Diagnostic Means
45.3 Grading Systems
References
46: Treatment of Scrotal and Testicular Trauma: I—Minor and Intermediate Interventions
References
47: Treatment of Testicular Trauma: II—Complex Interventions
47.1 Replantation of an Amputated Testis
47.2 Testicular Transplantation
References
48: Prevention, Complications, and Follow-Up of Scrotal and Testicular Trauma
References
Part VII: Male Genital Self-Mutilation: Immersion into a Transhistorical, Ubiquitous, and Multicultural Madness
Introduction to Male Genital Self-Mutilation
References
49: Genital Self-Mutilation in Mythology
References
50: Male Castration in History
50.1 Pharaonic Egypt
50.2 Mesopotamia and Persian Empire
50.3 Greece
50.4 Roman and Byzantium Empires
50.5 Medieval Europe
50.6 Islamic Ottoman Empire
50.7 Pre-Columbian America
50.8 Imperial China
50.9 Early Modern England
50.10 Russia
50.11 India
50.12 Australia
50.13 Famous Eunuchs in History
References
51: Male Genital Self-Mutilation in the Modern Medical Literature
References
52: Etiology of Male Genital Self-Mutilation
52.1 Psychiatric Imbalances
52.2 Transsexualism
52.3 “Normal Patients”
References
53: Used Instruments, Organ Disposal, and Anatomopathology of Male Genital Self-Mutilation
References
54: Management of Male Genital Self-Mutilation
54.1 Surgical Management
54.1.1 Unilateral or Bilateral Orchidectomy
54.1.2 Penectomy
54.2 Psychiatric Management
References
55: Prognosis of Male Genital Self-Mutilation
55.1 Voluntary Eunuchs
55.2 Post-penile Replantation
References
56: Summary of Male Genital Self-Mutilations (GSM)
Index