โ Scribed by Tsutomu Takashi; Takahiro Ohrai; Hideo Yamamoto; Jun Okamoto
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Upper limit of heaving pressure derived by pore-water pressure measurements of partially frozen soil. Eng. Geol., Experiments were conducted to estimate heaving pressures of saturated soil partially frozen in a closed system. Temperatures at both ends of a specimen were kept constant, i.e., positive at the top and negative at the bottom. When the overburden pressure P was maintained at a constant value, the pore-water pressure Pw, which showed a certain value before freezing, decreased gradually as freezing progressed, finally attaining a specific value, whereafter the specimen ceased taking water into it. The pressure difference between P and Pw at this stage was defined as the upper limit of heaving pressure Ou, which evidently depended on the temperature 0 c of the cooling end, in accordance with the relation : a u = --11.4 e c (kg/cm 2) It corresponds to the modified Clausius-Clapeyron's formula, which gives the freezingpoint depression of an ice--water system, where the pressure acting on the ice differs from that on the water. This isthe same as the value obtained by Radd and Oertle (1973). It is considered, however, that, when 0 c lowers, the value of a u reaches finally a constant value smaller than the one obtained by the above equation. Denoted by a u max, it was defined as a maximum heaving pressure. The value of o u max depended on soil type.
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