Understanding the Failure of Materials and Structures

✍ Scribed by David Jesson

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 173
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
1 Learning From Failure
1.1 Introduction
1.2 What Do We Mean By Failure?
1.3 Why, Then, Do Materials and Structures Fail?
1.4 Purpose and Outline
References
2 Why Break Things?
2.1 The Material World
2.2 Specialist
2.3 The Design Round
2.4 The Pyramid of Tests
2.5 The Role of Mechanical Testing: Capabilities and Limitations
References
3 Materials Science 101
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Atom
3.3 Atomic Bonding
3.4 Crystal Structure
3.5 Defects in Crystal Structures
3.6 Micro, Meso, Macro: The Different Levels of Structure
3.7 Summary
References
4 Defects and Degradation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 An Unofficial Taxonomy of Macro-Defects
4.2.1 Overview
4.2.2 Manufacturing Defects
4.2.3 Installation Defects
4.2.4 Service-Induced Defects
4.3 Microstructural Defects: How to Avoid Them Or Turn Them to Your Advantage
4.3.1 Overview
4.3.2 Single Crystals
4.3.3 Fibreisation
4.3.4 Work Hardening
4.4 Summary
References
5 Mechanical Properties I:: Strain, Stress, Stiffness
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Strain
5.3 Stress
5.4 Stiffness
5.5 Poisson’s Contractions, and an Aside On Auxetic Materials
5.6 Summary
References
6 Mechanical Properties II:: Toughness and Fracture Toughness
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Background to Fracture
6.3 Pre-Griffith Concept
6.4 The Griffith Concept
6.5 Quasi-Brittle Fracture
6.6 Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics
6.7 Elastic–Plastic Fracture Mechanics: The J-Integral
6.8 Summary
References
7 Fatigue, Wear, Creep, and Note On Corrosion
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Fatigue
7.3 Wear
7.4 Creep
7.5 A Note On Corrosion
7.6 Summary
References
8 Testing Modes and Application of Load
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Primary Forms of Loading
Uniaxial Loading
Bending
Shear
Torsion
8.3 Plane Stress and Plane Strain
Plane Stress
Plane Strain
8.5 Modes of Testing for Investigating Fracture
8.6 Summary
References
9 How to Measure Strain
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Crosshead Displacement and the Problem of Machine Compliance
9.3 Strain Gauges
9.4 Mechanical Extensometers
9.5 Virtual Extensometry and Digital Image Correlation
9.6 Summary
References
10 Strain Rate Dependence:: Why It Matters How Fast You Test
10.1 Introduction
10.2 What Is Strain Rate?
10.3 Why Does Strain Rate Matter?
10.4 How Do We Define Strain Rate?
10.5 And What About Environment?
10.6 Summary
11 The Use of Statistics
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The Normal Distribution
11.3 Weibull Statistics
11.4 Monte Carlo Simulations
11.5 How Many Samples Do I Need to Test?
11.6 Summary
References
12 Models Vs. Reality
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The Worldwide Failure Exercise
12.3 Finite Element Analysis
12.4 Physical Models
12.5 Summary
References
13 Biomechanics
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Canine Limbs
13.3 Understanding Tissue–Tool Interactions
13.4 Bioinspired Vibrational Control
13.5 Archaeological Applications
13.6 Summary
References
14 Non-Destructive Evaluation
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Case Study: Stewarton Railway Bridge
14.3 Structural Health Monitoring
14.4 Macro Digital Image Correlation
14.5 Summary
References
15 Questions for the Future
15.1 Introduction
15.2 New Materials
15.3 New Challenges
15.4 Out of this World
15.5 Extreme Environments
15.6 Sustainability
15.7 Closing Thoughts
References
Index