Understanding Representation in the Cognitive Sciences - Does Representation Need Reality?

✍ Scribed by Alexander Riegler, Markus Peschl, Astrid von Stein (editors)

• Publisher: Kluwer
• Year: 1999
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 290
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This volume argues in favor of rethinking basic issues in cognitive science in the context of recent developments. Some issues that are investigated include: the importance of simulation as a methodological tool for theory development in cognitive science, the necessity of linguistic transparency in models of cognition, and the embodiment of knowledge in its substratum, for example, in neural structure. The volume sketches the epistemological and methodological implications for cognitive science and its related disciplines. These issues include the evolution of semantics and symbol grounding as well as the design of autonomous systems acting in the `real' world, either as robots or as software.

✦ Table of Contents

Understanding Representation in the Cognitive Sciences......Page 1
Acknowledgements......Page 4
Table of contents......Page 5
Introduction......Page 7
Self-Referential Representation......Page 8
Implications......Page 9
Linguistic Transparency......Page 10
Representation, Construction, and Generation of Behavior......Page 11
Embodiment, Construction, and Dynamics of Knowledge......Page 12
Simulation as Methodological Tool......Page 13
References......Page 14
Overview of Contributions......Page 16
New Trends in Cognitive Science......Page 20
Representation of Type 1......Page 21
The Importance of Type 2 Representations......Page 22
Connectionism and Representations......Page 23
The Connectionist Route to Embodiment......Page 24
Implications for Connectionist Cognitive Research......Page 25
What about Dynamicism?......Page 26
Conclusions......Page 27
References......Page 28
Introduction......Page 30
Where is Representation Needed?......Page 31
Levels of Description......Page 32
References......Page 35
2— A Distinction......Page 36
Models......Page 37
Weakening the Claim......Page 38
4— On Metaphysical Anti-representationalism......Page 39
Registration......Page 40
Enaction......Page 41
5— Conclusion......Page 42
References......Page 43
Are Perceptual Processes Representational?......Page 45
Representations in the Brain......Page 47
The Pragmatic Dimension of Brain Representations......Page 49
Epistemological Implications......Page 50
References......Page 51
Two Types of Content......Page 53
Objective and Non-Objective Thought......Page 54
Biosemantic Theories of Content......Page 56
The Reply from on High......Page 60
A Modest Proposal......Page 62
Epilogue: Consequences For Eliminativism......Page 67
References......Page 69
Environmentalism......Page 71
An Example......Page 73
Analysis of the Example......Page 75
Implications......Page 76
References......Page 77
A Problem About Representations......Page 78
Cognition and Cognitive Abilities......Page 80
Some Objections......Page 81
1— Similarity Mapping and Representation......Page 82
2— Artificial Life......Page 84
Conclusions......Page 85
References......Page 86
Context-Independent Representations and the Myth of an Independent Representation Module......Page 87
Representation and the Recognition of "Sameness"......Page 88
BACON......Page 89
SME......Page 90
ACME and SIAM......Page 91
A "Gradual Convergence"—Approach to Representation......Page 92
References......Page 93
Characteristics of a Neurophysiologically Based Theory of Cognition......Page 95
The Requirement for a Functional Architecture......Page 96
Neural Networks......Page 100
Learning: The Heuristic Definition of Functionality......Page 101
Dream Sleep: The Management of Information Distribution......Page 104
Role of Sensory Independent Mental Images......Page 105
References......Page 106
Going Beyond Classical Cognitive Science and Connectionism......Page 108
Dynamical Systems Theory......Page 109
Neurodynamics and Associationism......Page 110
References......Page 111
Introduction......Page 113
The Formation of Cognitive Structure......Page 114
Some Cognitive Properties of Interareal Pattern Conjunction......Page 115
References......Page 117
2— The Neuron Doctrine in Perception......Page 119
3— Response Selectivity......Page 120
4— Mach's Principle in Perception......Page 121
5— Principle of Interaction Simultaneity......Page 123
6— Emergence of Perceptual Space-Time Structures from Neural Firings......Page 124
7— Conclusion......Page 125
References......Page 126
Introduction......Page 127
Conceptual Problems for Mental Representations......Page 128
Neurophysiological constraints......Page 129
Categorisation and categorical perception......Page 130
Neural implementation......Page 131
Acknowledgements......Page 132
References......Page 133
The Myth of Neural Representation......Page 135
Inversion of Sensory Processing......Page 136
Language and Art as Sketchpads......Page 137
References......Page 138
1— Introduction: From External Representation to Learning and Back Again......Page 139
2— External Representation and Learning in an Animat3......Page 143
3— A Second Example with a Symbolic Controller......Page 145
4— Discussion......Page 148
References......Page 150
Concepts on Representation and Their Problems......Page 152
A Different Approach to Representation......Page 153
Evidence from Neuroscience and Developmental Psychology......Page 155
Conclusions......Page 156
References......Page 157
Problems of the 'Information Processing Metaphor'......Page 159
Alternative Approaches......Page 160
Hierarchy of Cognitive Abilities......Page 161
Process of Perception and Action Selection......Page 162
Reaction-Perception-Anticipation......Page 163
Neural Models......Page 164
Summary and Conclusions......Page 165
References......Page 166
The Grounding Problem......Page 167
Approaches to Grounding......Page 168
Cognitivist Grounding......Page 169
Enactive Grounding......Page 171
From Grounding to Rooting......Page 175
Summary and Conclusion......Page 176
References......Page 177
Introduction......Page 181
Making Sense of the World......Page 182
Grounding Colour Terms......Page 183
Practical Symbol Grounding with Adaptive Resonance Theory......Page 184
The Colour Naming Task......Page 185
Discussion and Conclusions......Page 186
References......Page 187
1— Introduction......Page 188
2— The Emergence of a Lexicon......Page 189
2.1— A Symmetrical Update Rule......Page 190
2.2— An Asymmetrical Update Rule......Page 191
2.3— Alternative Rules......Page 192
4— A Changing World......Page 193
6— Discussion......Page 195
7— Summary and Conclusion......Page 196
References......Page 197
2— The Semantic Question......Page 198
3— Signals vs. Symbols......Page 200
4— Von Glasersfeld's Constructivist Semantics......Page 202
5— The Learnability Question......Page 203
7— Conclusion: The Need for Reality......Page 204
References......Page 205
Cognition in Social Psychology......Page 207
The Self......Page 208
Attitudes......Page 210
Empiricism and Experience......Page 211
Conclusions......Page 213
References......Page 214
1— Introduction......Page 216
2— Language......Page 217
3.1— First Objectification: Dispositions......Page 218
3.2— Second Objectification: Language......Page 219
4— Conclusion......Page 221
References......Page 222
Introduction......Page 223
Experimental Method......Page 225
Concept Activation by Concrete and Abstract Nouns......Page 226
Aspects of Sentence Processing and Scenario Analysis......Page 227
Acknowledgments......Page 229
References......Page 230
Traditional Questions and Answers......Page 232
The General Communication System and Translation Theory......Page 233
Culture as Capacity to Cooperate......Page 234
Communication and Intercultural Communication......Page 235
References......Page 236
The Observer in the Brain......Page 238
Introduction......Page 242
I— Transformation and Transfer......Page 243
Holistic approach......Page 245
III— "Explanatory Gap"......Page 250
References......Page 252
Introduction......Page 254
Internal and External Experiences......Page 255
Modern Variants of Liveliness......Page 256
Mistaken Perception......Page 257
A Second Attempt at a Distinction: Coherence......Page 258
Who Is There to Listen to?......Page 259
Summary......Page 260
References......Page 261
"Language" in Bees?......Page 262
The Many Realities of the Snake......Page 263
The Freewheeling Representation......Page 264
A Stone-age Capacity in a Modern World......Page 265
References......Page 266
The Problem of Psychological Representation......Page 267
The Impossible Correspondence......Page 268
The Space of Experiential Reality......Page 269
Social Interaction......Page 270
References......Page 271
Different Forms of Representation......Page 272
The Relevance of Time for Representations......Page 273
Consciousness and Language as Second Order Phenomena......Page 274
Feedback Between Concepts and Theory–Development......Page 276
Representation as Behavior......Page 277
Does Representation Converge Towards Reality?......Page 281
C......Page 284
D......Page 285
I......Page 286
N......Page 287
R......Page 288
S......Page 289
X......Page 290