front-matter.pdf......Page 0
1 Introduction......Page 10
References......Page 13
2.1 Growth Modes......Page 14
2.2 Thermodynamic Criterion for Growth Modes......Page 16
2.2.1 Surface Free Energy and Interfacial Free Energy......Page 17
2.2.2 Strain Energy and Stranski--Krastanov Growth......Page 21
2.3 Kinetic Aspects and Microscopic Models of Growth......Page 25
2.3.1 Atomistic Processes in Film Growth......Page 26
2.3.2 Kinetic Rate Equations for Nucleation and Growth......Page 30
2.4 Experimental Techniques for Growth Mode Analysis......Page 34
2.4.1 Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED)......Page 35
2.4.2 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM)......Page 38
2.4.3 Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES)......Page 40
2.5.1 Manipulation via Variation of Temperatureand Deposition Rate......Page 43
2.5.2 Application of Surfactants......Page 47
References......Page 50
3.1 Structural Properties of Epitaxial Films......Page 54
3.2 Thin-Film Characterizationby Low-Energy Electron Diffraction......Page 60
References......Page 68
4.1 Itinerant-Electron Magnetism......Page 70
4.1.1 Local-Spin-Density Approximation......Page 71
4.1.2 Stoner Model......Page 73
4.1.3 Discussion......Page 74
4.1.4 Itinerant Antiferromagnetism -- Spin Density Waves in Bcc Cr......Page 79
4.2 Magnetism of Ultrathin Films......Page 81
4.2.1 Dimensionality Effects......Page 82
4.2.2 Magnetic Moments at Surfaces and Interfaces......Page 84
4.2.3 Magnetic Anisotropy in Ultrathin Films......Page 90
4.3.1 Surface Magnetooptic Kerr Effect......Page 95
4.3.2 X-Ray Magnetic Dichroism......Page 101
4.3.3 Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR)......Page 116
References......Page 129
5.1 Theoretical Search for Metastable Structures......Page 134
5.1.1 Vanadium......Page 139
5.1.2 Chromium......Page 140
5.1.3 Manganese......Page 141
5.1.4 Iron......Page 144
5.1.5 Cobalt......Page 146
5.1.6 Nickel......Page 150
5.2.1 Ultrathin V Films......Page 151
5.2.2 Ultrathin Cr Films......Page 152
5.2.3 Ultrathin Mn Films......Page 154
5.2.4 Ultrathin Fe Films......Page 168
5.2.5 Ultrathin Co Films......Page 178
5.2.6 Ultrathin Bcc Ni Films......Page 197
5.3.1 Theory of Epitaxy-Assisted Alloying......Page 200
5.3.2 Epitaxial Alloy Thin Films......Page 203
References......Page 210
6.1 Introduction......Page 217
6.2.1 Early Work on Iron Films on Cu(100)......Page 221
6.2.2 Magnetic Properties of Fe Films on Cu(100)......Page 224
6.2.3 Growth of Fe Films on Cu(100)......Page 228
6.2.4 Structure of Fe Films on Cu(100)1......Page 234
6.2.5 Conclusions and Comparison with Other Studies......Page 248
6.2.6 Correlation Between Magnetism,Structure and Growth......Page 253
6.3.1 Magnetic Order in Fe/Cu(100) Films and Its Origin......Page 257
6.3.2 Structural and Magnetic Propertiesof Fe/Cu(100) Films Prepared at Low Temperature......Page 264
6.3.3 Structural Instability of Ultrathin Fe/Cu(100) Films......Page 269
6.3.4 Structure and Magnetism of Pulsed-Laser-Deposited Ultrathin Fe Films on Cu(100)......Page 272
6.3.5 Fe Ultrathin Films on Various Substrateswith a Lattice Constant Close to That of Cu(100)......Page 276
References......Page 283
7.1 Introduction......Page 287
7.2.1 Growth of Ultrathin Mn Filmson Cu(100) Below 270K......Page 293
7.2.2 LEED Structure Determinationof the c(82) Phase on Cu(100)......Page 295
7.2.3 Growth and Structure of Mn on Ni(100) Below 270 K......Page 299
7.2.4 Comparison of Mn Films Grown Below 270Kon Cu(100) and Ni(100)......Page 302
7.3.1 Growth and Structure of Mn on Cu(100) above 270K......Page 305
7.3.2 Structure Determinationof the Cu(100) c(22)-Mn Phase......Page 307
7.3.3 Structural Transitionsupon Annealing for Ultrathin Mn/Cu(100) Films......Page 312
7.3.4 Growth and Structure of Mn on Ni(100) Above 270 K......Page 315
7.3.5 Structure Determinationof the Ni(100)--c(22) 0.5ML Mn Phase......Page 317
7.3.6 Structure Determinationof the Ni(100)--c(22) 4ML Mn Phase......Page 318
7.3.7 Comparison with Other Systems......Page 327
7.4 Morphology of the Cu(100)--and Ni(100)--c(22)-Mn Surface Alloys......Page 329
7.5 The Role of Magnetic Energyin Stabilizing the Cu(100)--c(22)-Mn Surface Alloy......Page 337
7.6.1 STM Observations......Page 342
7.6.2 Scenario for Surface Alloy Formation......Page 352
7.6.3 Atomic Mechanisms for Surface Alloy Formation......Page 353
7.7 Electronic and Magnetic Propertiesof c(22) MnCu and MnNi Surface Alloys......Page 364
References......Page 370
8 Summary and Outlook......Page 374
References......Page 377
back-matter.pdf......Page 378