Ultra-dense Networks: Principles and Applications

✍ Scribed by Jemin Lee (editor), Tony Q. S. Quek (editor), Chih-Lin I (editor)

• Publisher: Cambridge University Press
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 336
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Understand the theoretical principles, key technologies and applications of UDNs with this authoritative survey. Theory is explained in a clear, step-by-step manner, and recent advances and open research challenges in UDN physical layer design, resource allocation and network management are described, with examples, in the context of B5G and 6G standardization. Topics covered include NOMA-based physical layer design, physical layer security. Interference management, 3D base station deployment, software defined UDNs, wireless edge caching in UDNs, UDN-based UAVs and field trials and tests. A perfect resource for graduate students, researchers and professionals who need to get up to speed on the state of the art and future opportunities in UDNs.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half-title
Title page
Copyright information
Contents
List of Contributors
Part I Overview
1 Ultra-dense Networks and Sliced Network Services
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 5G Network Slicing
1.2 Cloud Computational Platforms and Networking
1.3 Orchestrators and 5GC
1.3.1 Boarding Virtual Network Functions
1.3.2 Orchestrator Layers
1.4 SDN and Overlaid Networks
1.5 Monitoring Service and Platform
1.5.1 Telemetry Services
1.5.2 Application Deployment Options
1.6 Conclusions
References
2 Ultra-dense Cloud Radio Access Network Architecture
2.1 Introduction
2.2 B5G Ultra-dense Cloud Radio Access Network Architecture
2.3 Fronthauling via mmWave in a UDCRAN with Phantom Cells
2.4 Fronthauling via Unlicensed Spectrum
2.5 Fronthauling via Terrestrial FSO
2.6 Fronthauling via UAV-Mounted FSO
2.7 Comparison and Research Issues in B5G UDCRAN
2.8 Conclusion
References
Part II Physical Layer Design
3 NOMA-Based Ultra-dense Networks
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Overview of NOMA-Enabled HUDNs
3.2.1 HUDNs
3.2.2 NOMA
3.2.3 Understanding NOMA in HUDNs
3.3 A Unified NOMA Framework for HUDNs
3.3.1 Overview
3.3.2 Uplink and Downlink Communications
3.3.3 User Association
3.3.4 Resource Sharing
3.4 Case Studies for NOMA-Enabled HUDNs
3.4.1 User Association in NOMA-Enabled HUDNs
3.4.2 Resource Sharing in NOMA-Enabled HUDNs
3.5 Research Challenges in NOMA-Enabled HUDNs
3.6 Conclusions
References
4 Physical Layer Security in Ultra-dense Networks
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Key Features in Ultra-dense Networks
4.3 Ultra-dense Network and Physical Layer Security Are a Good Match
4.4 Physical Layer Security for Safeguarding IoT and V2X Transmissions
4.5 Physical Layer Security for Safeguarding Edge Computing Service
4.6 Physical Layer Security for Safeguarding Edge Caching Service
4.7 Summary
References
5 Millimeter-Wave Multiantenna Ultra-dense Networks
5.1 Introduction for Ultra-dense Networks in Millimeter-Wave Frequencies Band
5.1.1 Next-Generation Network – UDN
5.1.2 Millimeter-Wave Networks
5.1.3 MmWave Antenna Pattern
5.2 Approach and Contributions
5.3 System Description
5.4 Secrecy Evaluation
5.4.1 Simplified LoS mmWave Model
5.4.2 Uniform Linear Array
5.5 Numerical Results and Discussions
5.5.1 Average Achievable Secrecy Rate with UPA
5.5.2 Average Achievable Secrecy Rate with ULA
5.6 Conclusion
References
6 Interference Management in Ultra-dense Networks
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Features of Interference in UDNs
6.2.1 Reduced Difference of Interference Levels
6.2.2 Hard-Estimated Interference
6.2.3 Interference Correlation
6.3 A Brief Overview of Interference Management Techniques
6.3.1 Interference Avoidance
6.3.2 Interference Cancellation
6.3.3 Interference Coordination
6.4 Implementation of Interference Management in UDNs
6.4.1 Interference Management Entity for UDNs
6.5 Efficient Interference Management Strategy in UDNs
6.5.1 Implementation Detail
6.5.2 Performance Evaluation
6.6 Open Issues of Interference Management
6.6.1 Interference Management in mmWave Systems
6.6.2 Interference Management in NOMA Systems
6.6.3 Self-Organizing Interference Management
6.7 Concluding Remarks
References
7 3D-Based Base Station Deployment in Ultra-dense Networks
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Multilayer UDN Model
7.2.1 Network Description
7.2.2 Base Station Association Rule
7.3 Performance Analysis
7.3.1 Network Interference
7.3.2 Coverage Probability
7.3.3 Area-Spectral Efficiency
7.4 Numerical Results and Discussions
7.4.1 Performance of the Single-Layer UDN
7.4.2 Performance of the Multilayer UDN
7.5 Conclusions
References
8 Power Control in Full-duplex Ultra-dense Heterogeneous Networks
8.1 Introduction
8.2 System Model
8.2.1 Problem Formulation
8.3 Simulation and Discussion
8.4 Conclusion
References
Part III Resource Allocation and Network Management
9 Delay and Traffic Matching in Ultra-dense Networks
9.1 System Model for Spatiotemporal Traffic
9.1.1 Models Based on Stochastic Geometry and Queueing Theory
9.1.2 Transmission Model
9.1.3 Bounding Approaches
9.2 Delay Analysis in Ultra-dense Networks
9.2.1 Challenges of Delay Analysis in UDNs
9.2.2 Promising Approaches
9.3 Traffic Matching in Ultra-dense Networks
9.3.1 Need for Matching the Traffic in UDNs
9.3.2 Useful Approaches to Match Traffic
9.3.3 Handle Spatiotemporal Traffic in UDNs
References
10 Traffic Offloading in Software Defined Ultra-dense Networks
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Architecture of Software-Defined Wireless Networks
10.3 Contract Formulation for Traffic Offloading
10.3.1 Transmission Model Formulation
10.3.2 Economic Model Formulation
10.4 Contract Design for Traffic Offloading
10.4.1 Contract Design with Information Asymmetry
10.4.2 Contract Design without Information Asymmetry
10.4.3 Contract Design by Linear Pricing
10.5 Conditions for Contract Feasibility
10.6 Simulation Results
10.7 Conclusion
10.8 Proof of Lemma 10.1
10.9 Proof of Lemma 10.2
References
11 Resource Allocation in Ultra-dense Networks
11.1 Motivation and Scopes
11.2 System Model
11.3 Problem Formulation
11.4 Overlapped UC Clustering
11.5 Resource Allocation Solution
11.5.1 Solution Portrayal
11.5.2 Solution Analysis
11.6 Numerical Simulations
11.6.1 The Performance versus the Network Density
11.6.2 The Performance versus the Number of RBs
11.7 Conclusions
References
12 Wireless Edge Caching in Ultra-dense Networks
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Caching at the Transmitter Side
12.2.1 Deterministic Caching
12.2.2 Random Caching
12.2.3 Coded Caching
12.3 Caching at the Receiver Side
12.3.1 Caching for Transmit Load Reduction: Coded Multicast
12.3.2 Caching for Playback Delay Reduction in Video Streaming Services
References
13 User Association in Ultra-dense Networks
13.1 Introduction
13.2 System Model and Problem Formulation
13.2.1 System Model
13.2.2 Problem Formulation
13.3 Lagrangian Dual Decomposition
13.3.1 Dual Decomposition
13.3.2 Energy Efficiency and Power Allocation
13.3.3 Iterative Gradient Algorithm
13.3.4 Complexity Analysis
13.4 Simulation Results and Discussion
13.5 Conclusion
References
14 UAV-Based Ultra-dense Networks
14.1 Channel Modeling
14.1.1 Air-to-Ground Channel
14.1.2 Cellular BS-to-UAV Channel
14.2 UAV-Enabled Base Stations
14.2.1 Static Deployment
14.2.2 Dynamic Trajectory Planning
14.3 UAV-Enabled Relays
14.4 UAV-Enabled Energy Transfer
14.4.1 Static Time Scheduling
14.4.2 Dynamic Trajectory Planning
14.5 Robust Spectrum Sharing with Terrestrial Networks
14.6 Summary
References
15 Generalized Low-Rank Optimization for Ultra-dense Fog-RANs
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Fog-RANs
15.1.2 Generalized Low-Rank Models
15.1.3 Low-Rank Optimization Algorithms
15.1.4 Outline
15.2 Generalized Low-Rank Models in Ultra-dense Fog-RANs
15.2.1 A Generalized Low-Rank Framework
15.2.2 Low-Rank Optimization Examples in Fog-RANs
15.3 The Power of Nonconvex Paradigms for Ultra-dense Fog-RANs
15.3.1 Low-Rank Optimization via Nonconvex Factorization
15.3.2 The Framework of Riemannian Optimization
15.3.3 Practical Implementation
15.4 Matrix Optimization on Quotient Manifold
15.4.1 Problem Structures for Fixed-Rank Matrices
15.4.2 Matrix Representation for the Quotient Manifolds
15.4.3 Riemannian Optimization Algorithms
15.4.4 Convergence and Computational Complexity
15.5 Numerical Results
15.6 Summary and Discussion
References
Part IV Field Trials and Tests
16 Field Trials and Tests on Ultra-dense Networks
16.1 UDN Prototype Test
16.2 C-RAN-Based UDN Network Trial
16.2.1 Test Results and Analysis
16.3 Conclusion
References
Index