Abstract
The article contains sections titled:
| 1. | Guanidine and Guanidine Salts |
| 1.1. | Properties |
| 1.2. | Production |
| 1.2.1. | Guanidine Salts from Dicyandiamide |
| 1.2.2. | Guanidine Salts from Cyanamide |
| 1.2.3. | Guanidine Salts from Urea |
| 1.2.4. | Other Processes |
| 1.3. | Environmental Protection |
| 1.4. | Quality Specifications |
| 1.5. | Analysis |
| 1.6. | Storage and Transportation |
| 1.7. | Legal Aspects |
| 1.8. | Uses |
| 1.8.1. | Pharmaceuticals |
| 1.8.2. | Plant Protection |
| 1.8.3. | Cosmetics |
| 1.8.4. | Textile Impregnation, Flame Retardants, Paper and Resin Manufacture |
| 1.8.5. | Propellants and Explosives |
| 1.8.6. | Biotechnological Applications of Guanidine Salts |
| 1.9. | Economic Aspects |
| 2. | Derivatives |
| 2.1. | Nitroguanidine |
| 2.2. | Aminoguanidine |
| 2.3. | Diamino‐ and Triaminoguanidine |
| 2.4. | Organoguanidines |
| 2.4.1. | Alkylguanidines |
| 2.4.2. | Arylguanidines |
| 2.5. | Biguanide and Derivatives |
| 3. | Toxicology and Occupational Health |
Guanidine salts are made from cyanamide or dicyandiamide by addition of ammonium salts. The highly soluble guanidine hydrochloride is mainly used in pharmaceutical and biotech applications, while guanidine nitrate is used in propellants and explosives.
Nitroguanidine, prepared by nitration of guanidine nitrate, is used for explosives and as a building block for neonicotinoid insecticides. Aminoguanidines, prepared from hydrazines and cyanamide or guanidines, are mainly used for agrochemicals and — due to their high nitrogen content — as a component for propellants and gas generators.
Organoguanidines can be prepared from cyanamides or cyanogen chloride. They are used as building blocks for agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, and as curing agents for plastics and rubbers. Biguanides can be obtained from dicyanamide or cyanoguanidines, they are mainly used as pharmaceuticals and biocides.